Sunday, January 25, 2026
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Starting garden transplants from seed

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January is often a cold and dreary month for many gardeners.
However, planning for and starting vegetables and flower transplants from seed can make this a much more interesting time of year. Following are the steps needed to be successful in seed starting.
Purchase Recommended, Quality Seed: Start by taking a look at our recommended varieties at
http://www.hfrr.ksu.edu/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=731 These plants have proven themselves across the state of Kansas and this is a good place to start when deciding what to plant. However, also talk to your neighbors, friends and garden center about what has worked well for them. Obtain your seeds from a reputable source including garden centers and seed catalogs. If choosing seeds from a business that does not specialize in plants, pay special attention to the package date to make sure the seed was packaged for the current year.
Though most seed remains viable for about 3 years, germination decreases as seed ages. See the accompanying article on using old garden seed for more detailed information.
Determine the Date to Seed: There are two pieces of information that needs to be known in order to determine the date to seed
transplants: the target date for transplanting outside and the number of weeks needed to grow the transplant. The target date for transplanting the cool-season crops such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and onions are the end of March to the beginning of April.
Warm-season crops like tomatoes, peppers and most annual flowers are usually planted about May 10. There is a companion article in this newsletter listing common plants and the number of weeks needed to grow a transplant.
Sowing Seed: Do not use garden soil to germinate seed as it is too heavy and may contain disease organisms. Use a media made especially for seed germination.
Keep Seed Moist: Seed must be kept moist in order to germinate.
Water often enough that the media never dries. Using a clear plastic wrap over the top of the container can reduce the amount of watering needed. Remove the wrap after the seedlings emerge.
Light: Most plants will germinate in either darkness or light but some require darkness (Centurea, Larkspur, Pansy, Portulaca, Phlox and Verbena) and others require light (Ageratum, Browallia, Begonia, Coleus, Geranium, Impatiens, Lettuce, Nicotiana, Petunia and Snapdragon).
All plants require adequate amounts of light once emergence occurs.
South facing windows may not provide adequate amounts and so fluorescent fixtures are often used. Suspend the lights 2 to 4 inches above the top of the plants and leave the lights on for 16 hours each day.
Temperature: The temperature best for germination is often higher than what we may find in our homes especially since evaporating moisture can cool the germination media. Moving the container closer to the ceiling (top of a refrigerator) can help but a heating mat is best for consistent germination. A companion article lists common plants and their optimum germination temperature. After plants have germinated, they can be grown at a cooler temperature (65 to 70 degrees during the day and 55 to 60 degrees at night). This will help prevent tall, spindly transplants.
Plant Movement: Plants react to movement. Brushing over the plants with your hand stimulates them to become stockier and less leggy. Try 20 brushing strokes per day. However, brushing will not compensate for lack of light or over-crowding. Plants grown under inadequate light will be spindly regardless of any other treatment.
Hardening Transplants: Plants grown inside will often undergo transplant shock if not hardened off. Plants are hardened off by moving them outside and exposing them to sun and wind before transplanting occurs. Start about two weeks before transplanting and gradually expose the plants to outside conditions. Increase the number of hours and degree of exposure over the two-week period. (Ward Upham)

“Selling at Farmer’s Markets” Webinar for KSRE Professionals
With the growing interest in farmers markets, KSRE professionals across the state may be getting an increasing number of questions regarding what products can and can’t be sold at a farmers market without a license or how vendors can sell things as safely as possible.
In response to this, the food safety sub-group of the Nutrition, Food Safety and Health PFT will be hosting a free zoom webinar for KSRE professionals from 11AM- noon on  Tuesday, January 27.  Londa Nwadike, KSU and MU State Extension Food Safety Specialist will present on “Selling at Farmers Markets- regulations and food safety best practices”
and will also provide information on the updated KS Farmers Market regulations and best practices publication, which was done jointly with KDA. She can also answer questions at that time regarding the upcoming regional farmers market vendor workshops and the state Farmers Market conference. Adam Inman from the KDA Food Safety and Lodging regulatory program will also be on the webinar and available to answer questions from KSRE professionals.
The power point slides and webinar recording will be made available after the webinar.
To join the webinar, use the following information on the day of the webinar:
Join from PC, Mac, iOS or Android: https://ksu.zoom.us/j/878118682
Or join by phone:
+1 (415) 762-9988 or +1 (646) 568-7788 US Toll
Meeting ID: 878 118 682
International numbers available: https://ksu.zoom.us/zoomconference
Or join from a H.323/SIP room system:
Dial: 162.255.36.11 (US East) or 162.255.37.11 (US West)
Meeting ID: 878 118 682 (Londa Nwadike)

Fantasy headlines and anecdotes for a new year

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john marshal

Many among us make resolutions for the new year. Among
them are pledges to lose weight, start jogging, obey our parents,
pay our bills, watch less television, avoid lutefisk, go to
church, stay out of jail and avoid county commission meetings
in Salina.
Our litany of resolutions is endless. And boring. What we
need are new year’s headlines and anecdotes to tell us how
things are in our busy, complicated lives – and how, with a bit
of fantasy, they might be.
For example(s):
*
SALINE COMMISSIONER
IS AWARD FINALIST
Saline County Commissioner John Price is among three
finalists for this year’s Etiquette in Government award from
the Council for Rural-Urban Debate (CRUD). A spokesman
for CRUD said Price had demonstrated a “unique understanding
and awareness of life values and compassions embracing
public employees, governing policy and citizen participation
in government.”
Price acknowledged the CRUD nomination, saying the two
other finalists, including a woman, were “scum,” and “lowrent
bottom-feeders. But we’re the bosses, and it takes all
kinds to be bosses in government – even women, the pretty
little things.”
*
ESPN PLEDGES IN-DEPTH
POST-GAME REPORTING
Sideline reporter: Coach, tell us how you felt on the sideline
during this thrilling victory. Are you proud of your team?
Coach: Not particularly. Actually, I was busy thinking about
my new seed catalogues and whether zinnias and marigolds
were best for my front flower beds.
Reporter: Hollyhocks might work if your porch is high
enough, or nasturtiums for a lower profile.
Coach: Ya think?
Reporter, now turning to player: So you’ve finally won the
big one! So what’s going through your mind right now?
Player: Sooo, I have a test on Tuesday – macro economics in
post-war Luxembourg. My tutor has small pox. So I’m worried
about my grade.
Reporter: Get a flu shot.
*
ROSE BOWL OFFICIALS
PROMISE NO MORE BAND
PASADENA – Following a flood of complaints about this
year’s pre-game Rose Bowl ceremony, pageant officials said
they would no longer allow a marching band to perform
original arrangements of the National Anthem before the big
game.
“It baffled the entire crowd,” said one event coordinator who
declined to be named for fear of lynching. “No one seemed
to understand this version, the original score for the Anthem.
Next year, we’ll scrap the band and return to the awesome
popular country-western, or an awesome hip-hop arrangement.
Heavy metal is also awesome. Billy-Don Warbler was awesome
last year with his fiddle and steel geetar and barbeque
smoke Anthem fireworks. The original classical Anthem is not
awesome enough.”
*
ROYALS, RED SOX SIGN FOR
$2.6 BILLION SHAVING AD
The Kansas City Royals and Boston Red Sox, fresh from last
season’s advertising campaign for facial fertilizer from Scott’s
Turf-Builder, have signed a multi-billion dollar contract to
harvest the results.
They’ll be featured in television ads for two of Gillette’s
latest shaving products – the electric Macho Bush Hog, which
features four tiny, replacable weed-whips for trimming longer
beards, and the thick-bladed, Paul Bunyon Beard Axe for those
close, hard-to-get facial canyons.
Team spokesmen said their players had also been offered
new endorsement contracts for personal “sport spittoons” from
Glob-Master and from Sling-Screen, which makes special netting
to catch flying sunflower seed shells.
Officials said the offers may conflict with the players’ forgotten,
unexpired contract with GooberGone, a manufacturer
of absorbent dugout carpeting.
*
LINDSBORG LEADS CHARITY
CAMPAIGN FOR STATE AGENCIES
Lindsborg City officials have launched a campaign to raise
more than $5 billion to help counter the state’s growing budget
deficit, now estimated at more than many thousands of millions.
“State legislators, the poor things, spent more money than
they thought they had cut in taxes, having no understanding of
the difference between red and black ink,” said a press release
from downtown Lindsborg. The problem apparently stems
from a mixup in sorting the governor’s mail, and confusing the
statement balance of his personal bank account with the state’s,
and thinking all was well.
Lindsborg will begin the campaign by sending a team from
Soderstrom Elementary School to help tutor budget-challenged
lawmakers by using a special textbook entitled
My dollar, Your budget and Our Problem
How your bad math led to our worries
The campaign’s second phase will include volunteer fundraisers
from other cities joining the program.
*
ACTIVITY IN WASHINGTON;
HOUSE PASSES A BILL!
WASHINGTON – The U.S. House of Representatives on
Monday passed and sent to the Senate a measure that declares
Monday as the start of the work week, increasing speculation
that the Congress may get a bill out of its logjam and send it to
the president for his signature. This year.
Observers were confident that the Senate would quickly
approve the House measure. The bill, after all, is an exact replica
of a work-week measure passed six times by the Senate
last year, but rejected each time by the lower chamber because
not all House members had been consulted during the Senate’s
debate.
Although Monday has been decided as the beginning, skeptics
are doubtful the House and Senate can agree this year on
the day to end the Congressional work week.
Intense debate over the full-week measure was suspended
when proponents announced that they did not have the votes
to decide whether Wednesday or Thursday would end the work
week. A compromise measure, listing only Monday as the
beginning, was quickly drafted and introduced.
*
NCAA EXPANDS BOWL
GAME SCHEDULE
The NCAA, citing increased demand for post-season bowl
games, has added five games to its current 39-game postseason
schedule, including the new Waffle Bowl, to be played
in leap year Februarys in (of course) Washington D.C.
Additions are the Bowl Bowl, the Dot.Org-Dot.Net Bowl,
the Bawl Bowl, Compressed Air Bowl, and Dot-Dot-Dit-Dot-
Dit-Dot Bowl, sponsored by the Association of Federated
Morse Code Cluckers.
The Dot.Org-Dot.Net Bowl is to be sponsored by the
Consumer Affairs division of the American Society of Dot-Net
fishing lures and accessories. The organization had planned to
call it the Fish Bowl but decided the name lacked the flair to
reflect a need for technology in fishing.
The Bawl Bowl is sponsored by the Federation of Persistent
Complainers and Whiners and is already embroiled in a controversy
over changing colors – currently black and blue – for
the sponsoring logo.
The Compressed Air Bowl, in Bicycle Pump, Tenn., is the
brainchild of a newspaper editor in Sterling, Kansas. Several
years ago he offered that bowl site for the Big XII Kansas
Jayhawks, anticipating their first winning season. (For the
Jayhawks, a winning football season is a season with a win.)
The Association of Federated Morse Code Cluckers originally
planned to join as a sponsor for the Bawl Bowl, but its
sponsorship offer was declined by the Federation of Persistent
Complainers and Whiners, who protested the sharing arrangements
as “fair, to a fault.”
The NCAA also denied rumors that it is considering plans
for a sixth new post-season contest sponsored by Kansas legislative
budget planners, to be called the Dust Bowl.

Lady Cougars dominate the glass in conference opener at Dodge City

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The Barton Community College women opened up the conference season Monday night with a 77-65 win at Dodge City Community College.  The Lady Cougars closed out first half action with a 8-1 stretch to lead 33-27 then blew the game open at the Civic Center midway through the second half with nine straight amidst a 14-2 run in cruising to the win.  Dominating the boards 60-32 against the Lady Conquistadors, Barton had two players with double-double performances and a third in double-digit rebounding.  The victory improves Barton to 11-2 while dropping Dodge City to 9-6 on the season.  The Lady Cougars will have a short turnaround before hosting Garden City Community College in a 5:30 p.m. tip at the Barton Gym.

Indiah Cauley came off the bench with a career high seventeen points to lead five Barton players in double-digits while fellow freshman Dominique Baker also posted a career high with fifteen.   Sophomore Phikala Anthony recorded her third double-double of the season scoring fourteen and grabbing a team tying twelve points and four assists with freshman Katrina Roenfeldt getting her first career double-double tying Anthony with twelve rebounds while scoring ten points.   Julia Dixon added ten points off the bench while fellow freshman Brandi Williams hauled down ten boards while adding five points.

Tara Whipple led three Lady Conquistadors in double digits with twelve points while Hannah Whitaker put up double-double numbers with eleven points and twelve rebounds.  Keiwanna Patterson added ten points while Azaria Nave led in dimes with four

Forcing paperwhite bulbs

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Photo credit: Brianna Privett

Paperwhites are a form of daffodil that do not require a chilling period in order to bloom.  Therefore, they are very easy to force.
Following are the steps needed.
– Use a 3 to 4 inch decorative container that does not have drainage holes.  It should be transparent enough that you can see the water level in relation to the bulbs.
– Place 1 to 2 inches of washed gravel, marbles, glass beads or stones in the bottom of the container.  We will call the material chosen as “media” for the remainder of the article.
– Place the bulbs on the media so that they are near one another.
Add enough media to hold them in place.
– Add enough water that the bottom of the bulb is sitting in water.  Do not submerge the bulb.  Maintain the water at this level.
It normally takes 4 to 8 weeks for the bulbs to bloom.
Unfortunately, paperwhites often become leggy and fall over.
Growing in cooler temperatures (60 to 65 degrees) can help but there is another trick that can be useful and involves using a dilute solution of alcohol.  No, this trick did not come from an unknown source on the Internet but Cornell University’s Flower Bulb Research Program.  They suggest the following to obtain a plant that is 1/3 shorter than normal.  Flower size and longevity are not affected.
– Grow the bulbs as described above until the shoot is green and about 1 to 2 inches above the top of the bulb.
– Pour off the water and replace it with a 4 to 6% alcohol solution.
– Use this solution instead of water for all future waterings.
There are two methods to add this solution.  The first is to add the alcohol solution to what is already in the container.  Add enough to bring it up to the proper level.  The second will give shorter plants.
In this second method, pour off all the old solution and replace it with the new each time additional solution is needed.
So, how do we make the alcohol solution?  An easy way is to use
rubbing alcohol.   This is most commonly 70% alcohol and should be mixed
with 1 part alcohol with 10 or 11 parts water.
Do not use beer or wine as the sugars present can interfere with normal growth.
The researchers were not sure why this worked but suggested the alcohol made it more difficult for the plants to take up water. This water stress stunted growth but did not affect the flowers. (Ward Upham)

Starting onion plants indoors

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Photo credit: Steven Depolo

It can be difficult to find specific onion varieties in sets or transplants, so growing from seed may be a preferred option. Onions are one of the first plants to be seeded for transplanting because they take a significant amount of time (6 to 8 weeks) to reach transplant size and because they can be set out relatively early (late March in much of eastern and central Kansas). Therefore, we want to start onions in mid- to late-January. Onion seed should be placed ½ to 3/4 inch apart in a pot or flat filled with a seed starting mix. Place the container in a warm (75 to 80 F) location until young seedlings emerge. Move to a cooler location (60 to 65 F) when the seedlings are 1 to 2 inches tall.
Make sure they have plenty of light, using florescent lights if needed.
Start fertilizing when the seedlings reach 2 to 3 inches tall using a soluble fertilizer with each or every other watering.
Onion seedlings tend to be spindly with the remains of the seed sticking to the end of a leaf for several weeks. Encourage stockiness by trimming the ends of the leaves when the plants reach 4 to 5 inches tall. Start hardening off the onions in early March by moving the plants to a protected outdoor location. You may have to move them inside temporarily to protect them from extreme cold snaps.

 

By: Ward Upham