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A Monday’s day-in-the-life diary

By
tammiehoeme
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0

Lovina’s Amish Kitchen
Lovina Eitcher,
Old Order Amish
Cook, Wife &
Mother of Eight

4 a.m. My alarm rings and I get up to start another day. Daughter Verena gets ready to go across the road to stay with daughter Loretta and her boys until Dustin comes home from work. I always watch at the door to make sure she gets across the road and to their house okay. 

4:25 a.m. Daughter Lovina gets a ride here with her husband Daniel on his way to work. She goes up to her former bedroom to get some more sleep since it’s still so early. 

4:30 a.m. I’m helping get some food packed for son Benjamin’s lunch. He usually doesn’t want breakfast. He leaves a little after 4:30. He’s working 10 hour days at the factory.

4:45 a.m. I start packing my husband Joe’s lunch and make him a sausage, egg, and cheese sandwich. I use tortilla soft shells instead of bread for the sandwich. I had plenty of leftovers from last night when the family was all here for supper for their lunches. 

5:10 a.m. Joe leaves for work. I take a nap in my recliner. I can tell it’s Monday and it’s hard to get started. 

7:15 a.m. I had a great nap and feel much more rested. I do some work at my desk—including paying bills and getting it ready for the mail, etc. Then I gather laundry and throw it down to the basement through our “laundry shoot” (which is only a vent I take out of the floor).

8:30 a.m. Lovina is washing dishes and sweeping floors while I help son Kevin get in his mobility scooter. He takes the mail out for me.

9:30 a.m. I wash the laundry and hang it out on the lines after eating breakfast first. 

12:30 p.m. I’m finally done with the laundry. Verena is back home.

1:30 p.m. Loretta brings her two little boys over here while she and Dustin leave for town. Verena gets Byron to take a nap, but Denzel is full of energy. They are so precious! He knows where Grandpa and Grandma keep their candy, and he also knows where the Nesquik powder is. He gets the can out and stands by the refrigerator wanting milk. I give him some Smarties, and he goes to the drawer and gets a small container out to put the Smarties in. He is happy and walking around smiling. Sometimes I give him some chewable vitamins instead of Smarties and he thinks it’s candy. He loves the vitamins. 

2 p.m. The girls start making a potato and meat casserole, but Daniel comes to pick Lovina up before it’s done, so I help Verena. After it’s done, Verena takes it over to a family from our church for their supper. They are having some struggles right now, and I wrote a note of encouragement along. Verena said the young mother was so encouraged from this. Do we realize how small acts of kindness can make someone’s day so much brighter?

While Verena is gone I make another meat and potato casserole for us and one for Dustin and Loretta’s supper. I sent the rest of the soup from last night home with Lovina and Daniel. Daniel and Lovina made the campfire soup over the open fire last night while Joe and son-in-law Tim grilled 20 pounds of chicken. Our whole family came here after church services, and Joseph and Grace came for awhile after arriving home from their honeymoon. So our menu was campfire stew, grilled chicken, cheese, crackers, ice cream, and watermelon. It was good to have everyone here. 

3 p.m. Joe is home from work. Denzel runs out to meet him. He takes Grandpa’s hand and leads him to where the Smarties are. Haha! They sure do catch on fast. Byron wakes up and wants Grandpa’s attention too. Byron is walking short distances. 

4 p.m. Benjamin is home from work, and Denzel runs out to greet him too. He carries Benjamin’s lunch bucket in and opens it to see if he can find any goodies left. I get the laundry off the lines, and Denzel collects the clothespins from me and puts them in the bag for me. He feels so good to be helping Grandma. 

5:30 p.m. Loretta is here to get the boys. She is very glad that we have supper ready for her to take home. 

6:30 p.m. Supper is ready. We have leftover chicken with the casserole. 

8:30 p.m. Everyone is ready for bed. It feels good to sit in my recliner again. I like to read before going to bed. Benjamin left with a friend and isn’t home yet. If I fall asleep in the recliner, he’ll wake me up when he comes home. 

10 p.m. Benjamin is home, and I of course had fallen asleep in the recliner. I will go to bed and set the alarm again for 4 a.m. Good night, and God’s many blessings to all of you. 

Congratulations to nephew Benjamin and Crystal! They were blessed with a son on September 10 (granddaughter Abigail’s 8th birthday). They named him Wesley Benjamin. Isaiah is proud of his little baby brother.

Cream Pie

3/4 cup white sugar

1/3 cup brown sugar

1 tablespoon flour

Pinch salt

1 cup cream

1 cup scalded milk

1 teaspoon vanilla

2 eggs, separated

1 (9-inch) unbaked pie crust

Mix together white sugar, brown sugar, flour, and salt; then mix in cream, milk, vanilla, and egg yolks. In a separate bowl, beat egg whites until foamy, then fold into cream mixture. Pour into unbaked pie crust. Bake at 400 degrees Fahrenheit for 10 minutes. Then reduce heat to 325 degrees Fahrenheit for another 30 minutes, or until a knife comes out clean when inserted in the center.

Lovina’s Amish Kitchen is written by Lovina Eicher, Old Order Amish writer, cook, wife, and mother of eight. Her three cookbooks, The Cherished Table, The Essential Amish Cookbook, and Amish Family Recipes, are available wherever books are sold. Readers can write to Eicher at Lovina’s Amish Kitchen, PO Box 234, Sturgis, MI 49091 (please include a self-addressed stamped envelope for a reply); or email [email protected] and your message will be passed on to her to read. She does not personally respond to emails.

Remarkable, Intriguing Traits About Horses

By
Frank Buchman
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0

Horses are majestic creatures that have captivated humans for centuries.
Beyond their grace and strength, these animals possess fascinating traits and histories that make them truly remarkable.
Whether you’re a seasoned equestrian or simply curious about these equine marvels, there are intriguing and surprising facts about horses, according to horse researchers,
Horses are known for their exceptional memory.
Once they learn something, they rarely forget it. This ability extends to recognizing people they’ve met before, understanding complex training cues, and even remembering challenging trail routes or competition courses.
Much like humans and some primates, horses can communicate their emotions through facial expressions.
Researchers have found that horses use their eyes, nostrils, and mouth to convey happiness, fear, and even pain to those around them.
Determining the age of a horse can be as simple as looking at its teeth. Horses have unique dental patterns that change as they mature.
By examining the wear and shape of their teeth, veterinarians and experienced handlers can estimate a horse’s age within a few years.
Just as human fingerprints are unique, so too are the hoofbeats of horses. Each horse has a distinct sound when it walks or runs, due to differences in hoof shape, gait, and weight distribution.
Skilled horse owners can often identify their horses by the sound of their hoofbeats alone.
Horses have eyes positioned on the sides of their heads, allowing them to have a panoramic field of vision. This evolutionary trait helps them detect predators from various angles without needing to turn their heads significantly.
However, it also means they have a small blind spot directly in front of and behind them.
Humans began domesticating horses around 4,000 BC, marking a pivotal moment in history. This partnership revolutionized transportation, agriculture, and warfare.
The bond between humans and horses has since deepened, with these animals becoming cherished companions and partners in various activities worldwide.
In the wild, horses live in herds led by a dominant mare. This social structure promotes cooperation, communication, and protection against predators.
Even in domestic settings, horses thrive on social interaction, forming strong bonds with both humans and fellow equines.
Horses have a unique ability to lock their legs in place using a specialized stay-apparatus, allowing them to doze off while standing.
This adaptation is rooted in their evolutionary history as prey animals, enabling them to quickly flee from danger if needed.
Horses are herbivores with a specialized digestive system designed to process large quantities of roughage.
Their stomachs are relatively small compared to their size, so they rely on fermenting fibrous plant material in their hindgut to extract nutrients effectively.
In 1961, a horse named Pony Express was among the animals sent into space by the Soviet Union.
Although primarily an experiment to test the effects of space travel on living organisms, Pony Express and other animals paved the way for human space exploration.
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Five fall tips for cool-season lawn care

By
Guest Columnist
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0

As the sun sets on another summer season, lawn care does not stop. When it comes to routine turf maintenance, the late summer to early fall months are critical for cool-season lawns.

Cool season lawns are a group of turf species comprised mainly of Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, and fine fescue. Many Illinois homeowners with a lawn are likely to have a cool-season type. Cool-season lawns green up quickly in the spring and fall but may go dormant during the hottest part of summer.

Cool-season lawns coming out of a hot, dry summer will be stressed and could use some tender, loving care. The following are five tips to give a lawn a pick-me-up as the summer fades to fall.

  • Aerate. Aeration is a great way to relieve soil compaction and reduce thatch. The machine for the job is a hollow-tine aerator or core aerator. Operate the core aerator a few days after rain when the soil is still slightly damp. Core aerators cannot cut into hard, dry soil. Leave the soil cores to break down over the next few weeks.
  • Overseed. Broadcast seed into an established lawn with a seeder or by hand. Slit seeders are a great tool for overseeding into established lawns. Select a high-quality seed and set the seeder at the correct rate.

Bonus Tip: To patch bare spots, rake up the soil surface for good seed-to-soil contact. Mix bagged topsoil with bagged compost 50/50. Combine grass seed with the soil and compost mix at a 3:1 ratio. Three scoops of soil mixed with one scoop of seed. Apply the 3:1 mix to the bare spot, and firm up the patch by hand. Keep the area moist until germination and follow up with watering while the young grass plants develop.

  • Fertilize. Apply one pound of nitrogen fertilizer per 1,000 square feet. If a lawn only gets one feeding a year, it should be before fall. The window for Central Illinois is August 15 through September 15. Adjust accordingly to early August in northern counties, and September for southern counties.

Optional: Apply a late-season fertilizer called a winterizer one week after the final mowing of the season.

  • Mulch clippings and leaves. By bagging clippings and leaves, nutrients are taken away from the soil. Ditch the bag and return those nutrients and organic matter back to the lawn. Lawns, where clippings are not bagged, can go longer between fertilizer applications. Research at Michigan State University shows that shredding fall leaves into the turf can improve lawn health. For those wishing to preserve leaves for insect overwintering habitat, rake the leaves from the desired lawn space into planting beds.
  • Perennial weed control. Fall is also a great time to kill broadleaf weeds such as dandelion or creeping Charlie. At this time of year, perennial weeds prepare for winter, sending carbohydrates to their roots. Applying a systemic herbicide at this time will be more successful at killing the entire plant, above- and below-ground. Once the weeds are dead, cool temperatures are conducive for cool-season turf to fill in the bare spots.

For more on lawns, visit extension.illinois.edu/lawns. For questions, connect with a location Extension office at go.illinois.edu/ExtensionOffice.

Chris Enroth is an Illinois Extension horticulture educator for Henderson, Knox, McDonough, and Warren counties. Gardeners Corner is a quarterly newsletter from gardening experts around the state. Each issue highlights best practices that will make your houseplants, landscape, or garden shine in any season. Join the Gardener’s Corner email list at go.illinois.edu/GCsubscribe for direct access to timely tips.

Test forages to prevent nitrate and prussic acid poisoning

By
Guest Columnist
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0

Many Kansas cattle operations rely on some type of harvested feed to use in the winter months, and common among those sources are forage sorghum, millets, sorghum-sudangrass, and sudan. Forages in the sorghum family are prone to two different problems when feeding cattle: nitrate poisoning and prussic acid (hydrocyanic acid, HCN) poisoning. Millet (proso and pearl) do not contain prussic acid but can have nitrates. Prussic acid and nitrate poisoning are easy to confuse because both result in a lack of oxygen availability to the animal and are more likely to occur when the plant is stressed (fertility, hail, drought).

Table 1. Key characteristics of nitrate and prussic acid poisoning.

In dry areas of the state, cattle may be removed from pasture early. Bringing hungry cattle into pens with weeds can be very dangerous as the nitrate concentration may be elevated throughout the plant and animal intake high. Manure in corrals can contribute to the elevation of nitrates in the weeds. Elevated nitrates may not result in death but could cause abortions. Be careful never to turn hungry cattle onto weeds, minimize consumption of weeds in corrals, and have other safe feed to consume besides weeds to reduce risk.

Prussic acid concentrations are greater in fresh forage than in silage or hay because HCN is volatile and dissipates as the forage dries or ensiles. Additionally, hay or silage that likely contained high cyanide concentrations at harvest should be analyzed before it is fed. This second statement is often forgotten, and it’s assumed that when the plant dries, all the cells are ruptured and any HCN is released. To confirm this, we measured dhurrin content in sorghum hay. The dhurrin content was stable from 1 week to 2 months of dry storage. In the plant, dhurrin (the precursor to HCN in sorghum species) and the enzyme that converts it to cyanide are stored in separate compartments within the cell. The compartments are ruptured when the plant is eaten, and the cyanide is formed and released. While the enzyme that converts dhurrin to cyanide is inactivated with drying, rumen enzymes can make the same conversion after consumption. If hay is made from forages in the sorghum family or other susceptible species, testing for prussic acid in forage that has suffered from drought, hail, or fertility issues is advised. The frequency of issues with prussic acid in harvested forages may be relatively low; however, testing is cheap compared to the cost of losing even one animal.

Management recommendations common to both prussic acid and nitrates include:

  • Test first, don’t gamble. Keep in mind that different labs use different tests that have different scales.
  • Feed animals with a known safe feedstuff(s) and have them full before introduction to potentially problematic feeds. Don’t turn in hungry.
  • Ensiling will reduce concentrations of either by 40-60% in well-made silage, but silage put up under less-than-optimal conditions could still contain very high levels. If extremely high before ensiling, a 50% reduction may not be enough to result in safe feed. Test ensiled feed before feeding.
  • Dhurrin concentrates in the newest growth and regrowth of the plant and with more plant growth (>24”), concentration levels may be diluted if measuring the whole plant.
  • Nitrate concentrates in the base of the plant and is least in head and leaves, grazing or cutting high can reduce nitrate levels in the forage.
  • Do not harvest drought stressed forage within 7 to 14 days after good rainfall to reduce the levels of accumulated nitrates.

If testing before grazing, samples should reflect what the animals are expected to consume, generally leaves and upper portion of the plant. Sample a minimum of 15 sites across a given field. One method is to sample from each corner and the center by walking diagonal lines and sample plants every 50-100 steps or as appropriate for field size.

We expect levels of nitrates and prussic acid to be variable across a field, so more samples are better than less. A rule of thumb is to sample 10 to 20% of the bales per field or cutting as a minimum. Be aware of areas of the field that exhibited more plant stress than others. If large enough areas, you may want to sample them separately. Your acreage size and feeding methods likely factor into this decision. Use a forage probe that cuts across all plant parts in a bale rather than a grab sample from individual bales or windrows. Most county extension offices can help with sampling procedures and equipment.

Prussic acid in sorghum following a freeze event

Frost causes plant cells to rupture and prussic acid gas forms in the process. Because the prussic acid is in a gaseous state, it will gradually dissipate as the frosted/frozen tissues dry. Thus, risks are highest when grazing frosted sorghums and sudangrasses that are still green. New growth of sorghum species following frost can be dangerously high in prussic acid due to its young stage of growth. It is recommended to wait ten days until after a killing freeze before grazing. Sorghum and sudangrass forage that has undergone silage fermentation is generally safe to feed.

For more complete information on these problems, see these publications: Nitrate Toxicity, Prussic Acid Poisoning, and Managing the Prussic Acid Hazard in Sorghum. If you have samples with high prussic acid concentrations and are willing to share information on variety, growth, fertility, and harvest conditions, it will be helpful as we strive to understand this issue better.

Sandy Johnson, Extension Beef Specialist, Northwest Research-Extension Center
[email protected]

John Holman, Cropping Systems Agronomist, Southwest Research-Extension Center
[email protected]

Augustine Obour, Soil Scientist, Agricultural Research Center – Hays
[email protected]

Logan Simon, Area Agronomist – Southwest Research-Extension Center
[email protected]

Hay demand very light, movement picks up some

By
Guest Columnist
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0

This past week, demand remained very light however, hay movement picked up a bit in the southwest region where some larger trades of grinding hay and ground and delivered were made, according to the Kansas Department of Agriculture-USDA Market News Service, Sept. 17.

Prices have continued to soften as producers are trying to get rid of last year’s hay which is in abundance, not only in Kansas but from Canada to Texas. The state remains dry and needs some precipitation but as harvest is ongoing, many are glad for the open weather. Prices are based on averages and given on a per-ton basis, unless otherwise noted.

Southwest—Demand light. Trade activity is slow. Dairy alfalfa prices are steady. Grinding alfalfa price $10-$15 lower and ground and delivered alfalfa price $5-$15 lower. Alfalfa: Dairy, $1.15-$1.25/point RFV. Fair/good, grinding alfalfa, large rounds, $100-$115, large squares, $100-115. Ground and delivered locally to feed lots and dairies, $135-$145. For the week ending Sept. 14, 9,292 tons of grinding alfalfa and no dairy alfalfa was reported bought or sold. The average paid by feedlots on Sept. 1 for alfalfa ground and delivered was $173.86, down $3.34 from the previous month. Usage was 584 tons per day, up 22% from last month and total usage was 18,100 tons.

South central—Demand light. Trade activity is slow. Dairy alfalfa prices steady. Grinding alfalfa steady and alfalfa pellet price $10 lower, Ground and delivered mostly steady. Alfalfa: Dairy $1.15-$1.25/point RFV. Fair/good grinding alfalfa, large rounds, $95–$105 delivered, 3×4 and 4×4 squares, $110-$120 delivered. Alfalfa ground and delivered, $145-$155. Sun-cured alfalfa pellets, 15% protein, $230-$240, 17% protein, $235-$245, 17% dehydrated, $365. For the week ending Sept. 14, 5,228 tons of grinding alfalfa and 975 tons of dairy alfalfa was reported bought or sold. The average paid by feedlots on Sept. 1 for alfalfa ground and delivered was $156.43, down $7.95 from the previous month. Usage was 212 tons per day, up 10% from last month and total usage was 6,562.5 tons.

Southeast—Demand light. Trade activity is slow. Bluestem and brome hay price remain steady. Dairy, $1.115-$1.25/point RFV. Bluestem grass hay, large rounds, $110-$120, 3×4 and 4×4 squares, $130-$140. Brome, 3×4 and 4×4 squares, $135-$145. Wheat straw, large squares, $70. For the week ending Sept. 14, 2,241 tons of grass hay was reported bought or sold.

Northwest—Little to no demand. Trade activity is slow. Horse alfalfa, $175-$185. Fair/good grinding alfalfa, large rounds, $100.

North central/northeast—Demand light. Trade activity is slow. Dairy alfalfa price is steady, grinding alfalfa steady to $10 lower, ground and delivered steady to $20 lower, and grass hay steady. Alfalfa: Dairy $1.15-$1.25/point RFV. Fair/good grinding alfalfa, large rounds, $90-$100. Alfalfa ground and delivered, $150-$160. Bluestem grass hay, small squares, $8-$9/bale, large rounds, $80-$110. Brome, small squares, $9-$10/bale, large rounds, $100-$120, large 3×4 and 4×4 squares, $130. For the week ending Sept. 14, 1,080 tons of grinding alfalfa and 125 tons of dairy alfalfa was reported bought or sold.

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