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KU News: Airborne electromagnetic survey of aquifer conditions planned in west-central Kansas

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From the Office of Public Affairs | http://www.news.ku.edu

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Airborne electromagnetic survey of aquifer conditions planned in west-central Kansas
Through funding from the Governor’s Office and the Kansas Water Office, GMD1 and the Kansas Geological Survey — working with Aqua Geo Frameworks LLC of Fort Laramie, Wyoming — have planned helicopter flights to develop a better understanding of the Ogallala aquifer. It’s part of a project to map groundwater conditions in the Ogallala aquifer in Western Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 1. In 2024, AGF performed 2,500 miles of similar airborne electromagnetic surveys in Northwest Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 4.

KU Department of Theatre & Dance announces 2025 award winners
The University of Kansas Department of Theatre & Dance recognized 30 students as recipients of its year-end awards for academic merit and contributions to departmental performances and its culture. “As teachers, celebrating our students’ outstanding achievements is always the highlight of our year,” said Henry Bial, professor and chair. “This year, with so many challenges facing both higher education and the arts, we are especially proud of our Jayhawks for their perseverance and commitment to excellence.”

Researchers sue New Jersey to obtain DNA evidence in Lindbergh baby kidnapping case
University of Kansas historian Jonathan Hagel is a plaintiff in a case against the state of New Jersey about the handling of the Charles Lindbergh archive. The lawsuit seeks to force the state police to allow DNA testing on envelopes used by the kidnapper(s) to send a series of ransom notes. “My larger interest is, ‘How does this moment of the Great Depression continue to be relevant?’ The Lindbergh case is a crucial chapter to that.”

Full stories below.

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Contact: Jim Butler, 785-864-2116, [email protected]

Airborne electromagnetic survey of aquifer conditions planned in west-central Kansas
LAWRENCE — Beginning in mid-June and continuing until early July, residents of west-central Kansas may see a low-flying helicopter towing a large hexagonal frame. This unusual arrangement is part of a project to map groundwater conditions in the Ogallala aquifer in Western Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 1.

Through funding from the Governor’s Office and the Kansas Water Office, GMD1 and the Kansas Geological Survey, working with Aqua Geo Frameworks LLC of Fort Laramie, Wyoming, have planned the helicopter flights to develop a better understanding of the Ogallala aquifer. In 2024, AGF performed 2,500 miles of similar airborne electromagnetic surveys in Northwest Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 4.

Scientific equipment will hang below the helicopter 100 to 200 feet above ground. The equipment is designed to map geologic structures and groundwater resources to depths of 1,000 feet below land surface. The helicopter will be flown at about 50 mph by pilots who are specially trained for low-level flying and have a great deal of experience with airborne electromagnetic surveys. Flights will not occur over residential areas and other buildings, livestock feeding operations or wind turbines.

The Ogallala aquifer is the principal water resource for agricultural, industrial and municipal use in GMD1. Intensive pumping of water from the aquifer over the last 60-plus years has resulted in large groundwater level declines in Wallace, Greeley, Wichita, Scott and Lane counties. The information obtained in these flights will allow GMD1 and the Kansas Geological Survey to better assess the nature and continuity of water-yielding materials in the aquifer.

The ultimate objective of the project is to obtain information that will assist GMD1 in developing strategies for charting more sustainable paths for the Ogallala aquifer in the district, according to project organizers.

For further information about the planned survey, contact Katie Durham, GMD1 manager ([email protected], 620-872-5563), Jim Butler of the Kansas Geological Survey ([email protected], 785-864-2116), or Jared Abraham of Aqua Geo Frameworks ([email protected], 303-905-6240). A video describing previous airborne electromagnetic surveys in Nebraska is available on the GMD1 website.

The Kansas Geological Survey is a nonregulatory research and service division of the University of Kansas. KGS scientists study and provide information about the state’s geologic resources and hazards, including groundwater, oil and natural gas, critical materials, and earthquakes.

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Research at KU powers 54 active startups with more than half based in Kansas.

https://ku.edu/distinction

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Contact: Lisa Coble-Krings, 785-864-5685, [email protected]

KU Department of Theatre & Dance announces 2025 award winners
LAWRENCE — The University of Kansas Department of Theatre & Dance recognized 30 students as recipients of its year-end awards for academic merit and contributions to departmental performances and its culture.

“As teachers, celebrating our students’ outstanding achievements is always the highlight of our year,” said Henry Bial, professor and chair. “This year, with so many challenges facing both higher education and the arts, we are especially proud of our Jayhawks for their perseverance and commitment to excellence.”

The Kilty Kane Award, given in recognition of outstanding contributions made to the University Theatre, was presented to Connor Maloney, of Wichita, who completed his Bachelor of Fine Arts in Theatre Design with a classical antiquity minor.

The Kuhlke Humanitarian Award, given in recognition of humanitarian service to the department, was presented to Olly Mitchell, of Wichita, who completed her Bachelor of General Studies degree in Theatre Culture and Society with a dance minor. Both awards are named for actors (Jerome Kilty and Emeritus Professor William Kuhlke) credited with memorable performances as guest artists in Murphy Hall.

The Key Collaborator Award, given in recognition of outstanding contributions to the University Dance Company, was presented to Anna Shelton, of Hesston, who completed a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Dance with a theatre minor.

The Elizabeth Sherbon Award, named for the retired KU professor who established the dance major at KU, is presented to a sophomore or junior studying dance. This year’s recipient was Molly Stover-Brown, of Wichita, for her outstanding academic and performance achievements.

Many of the awards include financial support, which totals over $30,000. This listing also includes recipients of a hands-on, arts administrative training program within the Department, known as the Loren Kennedy Ambassadorship. Awardees and ambassadors:

Kansas

Katelyn Arnold, Topeka, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
Tara Leigh Burgat, Spring Hill, Jump Start Award
Sofia Dunkelberger, Wichita, Loren Kennedy Ambassador Coordinator
Cooper Holmes, Overland Park, Loren Kennedy Ambassador Coordinator
Sean Ingram, Shawnee, Glenn Bickle Award, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
James Kensinger, Topeka, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
Olivia Laycock, Wichita, Brian Ten Eyck Davis Award
Connor L. Maloney, Wichita, Kilty Kane Award
Lacey Marr, Shawnee, Marilyn Hunt Scharine Award
Olly G. Mitchell, Wichita, Kuhlke Humanitarian Award
Cade Nelson, Topeka, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
River Ott, Derby, Gerhard Zuther Memorial Award for Dramatic Scriptwriting
Alex Reimer, Paola, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
Eliana Rundus, Lawrence, Social Justice Award
Casey Schenk, Topeka, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
Madi Seelye, Lawrence, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
Anna Shelton, Hesston, Key Collaborator Award
Molly Stover-Brown, Wichita, Elizabeth Sherbon Award
Maya Welde, Overland Park, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
Elizabeth Wellman, Lawrence, Loren Kennedy Ambassador

Other states and countries

Sergio Alicea Román, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Ethel Hinds Burch Awards
Tanner Ashenfelter, Camp Verde, Texas, Laura Louise Pryor Award
Marzi Ashrafian, Iran, Ethel Hinds Burch Award, Joseph R. Roach Dissertation Research Award
Katie Cooley, Plano, Texas, Ethel Hinds Burch Award
Kitty Corum, Kansas City, Missouri, Gerhard Zuther Memorial Award for Dramatic Scriptwriting
Gillian Genardo, Mokena, Illinois, Ethel Hinds Burch Award
Katherine Leverenz, Houston, Texas, Shirley and Tom P. Rea Memorial Award
Camryn Purtle, Harrisonville, Missouri, Loren Kennedy Ambassador
Sloane Smith, Littleton, Colorado, Loren Kennedy Ambassador Emeritus Coordinator
Kennedy Tolar, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Jack B. Wright Award

The Department of Theatre & Dance is one of three departments in the School of the Arts. As part of the KU College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, the School of the Arts offers fresh possibilities for collaboration between the arts and the humanities, sciences, social sciences, international and interdisciplinary studies.

For more information on the Department of Theatre & Dance, visit the department website. For information about audition opportunities and performances of the University Theatre, visit the KU Theatre website. For the University Dance Company, please visit the department website.

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KU provides fire, rescue and law enforcement training across Kansas.

https://ku.edu/distinction

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Contact: Jon Niccum, 785-864-7633, [email protected]

Researchers sue New Jersey to obtain DNA evidence in Lindbergh baby kidnapping case
LAWRENCE — In 1932, Charles Lindbergh Jr., the 20-month-old son of the famous American aviator, was abducted from his home in East Amwell, New Jersey. His corpse was discovered months later. A suspect, German immigrant Bruno Richard Hauptmann, was arrested and eventually executed.

Contemporary media dubbed it both the “crime of the century” and the “trial of the century.”

However, this crime and its subsequent trial have been a beacon for controversy, eliciting numerous discrepancies that call into question whether the man judged responsible acted alone or was even involved.

“People would be surprised to learn how fraught this tragic case was from the beginning,” said Jonathan Hagel, assistant teaching professor of history at the University of Kansas.

That’s why Hagel is a plaintiff in a case against the state of New Jersey about the handling of the Charles Lindbergh archive. His lawsuit, filed in April in Mercer County Superior Court, seeks to force the state police to allow DNA testing on envelopes used by the kidnapper(s) to send a series of ransom notes.

“There were more than a dozen ransom letters overall, and they were sent through the post. According to the forensic experts, the kind of DNA most likely to be preserved is the kind not exposed to air,” Hagel said.

“If Hauptmann’s DNA is on it, then he definitely is not innocent of being involved. But if there is other DNA, that would confirm other people’s involvement. There are those who think we’re likely to find Charles Lindbergh’s DNA on the materials. They believe there was some kind of accident, and he orchestrated this as a way to deflect responsibility.”

One would assume the state of New Jersey might want to resolve such doubts. However, that has not been the case. The state has consistently refused to allow these materials to be tested (even deflecting a previous lawsuit that attempted to gain access).

“My take is that states or police organizations — like any bureaucracy — just like to protect their stuff. They don’t want to be poked or asked questions that they don’t have to answer,” Hagel said. “There are others who think the state police are embarrassed they may have botched it quite badly and been involved in a railroading.”

Lindbergh gained worldwide fame in 1927 when he made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic, from New York to Paris. His plane the Spirit of St. Louis remains one of the most renowned aircraft of all time.

Hagel said, “He’s an iconic American figure. Maybe the most respected person in the world during the 1920s. He stood for a kind of American values, individualism and heroism at a moment when it was seemingly going out of existence. You can put Lindbergh next to people like Babe Ruth or Henry Ford — people who seem to be just so much more powerful and capable than everyone else.”

But, as Hagel noted, Lindbergh also became a spokesperson for the antisemitic, isolationist, America First movement. It led many to regard him as a Nazi sympathizer.

What drew Hagel to this lawsuit was his “oldest and best friend,” Kurt Perhach, who has been obsessed with the Lindbergh kidnapping since he was a child. Perhach also recruited retired schoolteacher Michele Downie and developmental psychologist Catherine Read.

“These are people that Kurt has gotten to know over the years, and he was looking to put together a set of plaintiffs who each represented their own interest in the case. I am the historian. I’m the one who can speak about truth-telling,” Hagel said.

While researching this event, the professor became hooked by the fact that the New Jersey State Police turned over the investigation of the crime to Lindbergh himself.

“That is not standard operating procedure for any kind of major crime, especially a high-profile crime,” Hagel said. “But he had such stature that they were like, ‘You take charge of the investigation.’”

A New York native, Hagel lived in New Jersey for a decade, graduating high school in the borough of Middlesex. He’s taught at KU since 2012. His research focuses on the Great Depression and how fascist and anti-fascist movements define and redefine racism.

“My larger interest is, ‘How does this moment of the Great Depression continue to be relevant?’ The Lindbergh case is a crucial chapter to that,” he said.

So who really kidnapped and killed the Lindbergh baby?

“I don’t like Charles Lindbergh. He’s a fascist. So I question my own judgment in that regard. I would not be shocked if he killed the baby. But I think it’s unlikely he actually did. I think it was more likely a conspiracy of six to eight individuals who were involved, and maybe Hauptmann was one of them,” Hagel said.

It should be noted that Hauptmann maintained his innocence right through his execution by electric chair in 1936.

“The truth is really important,” Hagel said.

“If we have an opportunity, especially for large public institutions like police, like the state government, to do something at little cost and little risk to establish the truth about something that’s important, it should always default to doing it.”

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KU News Service

1450 Jayhawk Blvd.

Lawrence KS 66045

[email protected]

http://www.news.ku.edu

 

Erinn Barcomb-Peterson, director of news and media relations, [email protected]

 

Today’s News is a free service from the Office of Public Affairs

Ohio and Connecticut Bakers Crowned Champions of the 2025 National Festival of Breads

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Kansas Wheat

Contact: Marsha Boswell, [email protected]

For the audio version, visit kswheat.com.

From adapting muffin recipes for food allergies to building on family baking traditions, the winners of the 2025 National Festival of Breads embody the community spirit at the heart of the long-running contest for America’s amateur bakers. Janet Gill was awarded the top entry in the Yeast Bread category with her entry of Cranberry Hard Apple Cider Bread and Sarah Meuser won the Quick Bread category with her entry of Vegan Bakery-Style Orange Chocolate Chip Muffins.

 

“The National Festival of Breads celebrates the tradition of baking bread at home,” said Cindy Falk, Kansas Wheat nutrition educator and festival co-director. “This year’s winners shared not only the results of experimenting with new flavor combinations or ingredients, but also the joy of baking for family and friends. We hope you are inspired by the top recipes from this year’s competition to create something original in your own kitchen!”

 

The Festival of Breads began in 1991, initially launched by the Kansas Wheat Commission, the Kansas Department of Agriculture and the Kansas Wheathearts – a women’s auxiliary group of wheat growers – to honor the art of baking, promote the use of Kansas products and recognize the vital Kansas wheat and milling industries. It expanded to a national competition in 2009, drawing champions from all corners of the United States.

 

The 2025 competition featured two categories: Quick Bread and Yeast Bread. Recipes were meticulously baked and evaluated in the test kitchen at the Kansas Wheat Innovation Center by Falk and a team of culinary experts, ensuring a rigorous and fair judging process.

 

Quick Bread Champion Creates Allergy-Friendly Family Favorite

 

Sarah Meuser of New Milford, Connecticut, has a young son who is allergic to eggs, dairy and peanuts. When he turned one, she began experimenting with how to adapt muffin recipes to be egg-free and dairy-free but keep the same taste and texture. Her winning entry into the 2025 National Festival of Breads Quick Bread category is the successful result of these adaptations — Vegan Bakery-Style Orange Chocolate Chip Muffins.

 

“After several slight tweaks over the years, I created this recipe for delicious bakery-style muffins with a fresh, orange flavor and lots of mini chocolate chips throughout,” Meuser said “The subtle crispness of the golden-edged muffin tops, combined with the fluffy, tender, citrus-kissed and chocolate-laced interior, have made these easy muffins a favorite family recipe.”

 

Honorable Mentions in the Quick Bread category included:

 

Artistic and Creative Biscuit Award: Foolproof FAUX-caccia Biscuits, Susan Simpson of Harrington, Delaware
Stafford County Flour Mills Award: Hot Honey, Date and Goat Cheese Beer Bread, Janet Gill of Canton, Ohio
Betty Kandt Family Award: Shirley Temple Scones, Michele Kusma of Columbus, Ohio
Holiday Bread Award: Texas Fruitcake Scones, Felice Bogus of Raleigh, North Carolina

Yeast Bread Champion Focuses on Flavors of Autumn Goodness

 

Janet Gill of Canton, Ohio, has been baking since she was a teen, starting out with her mother’s cinnamon roll recipe and later using a bread machine as a young mother. Today, she loves to experiment with adding different ingredients for added flavors, which boosted her Cranberry Hard Apple Cider Bread to the winning entry in the Yeast Bread category.

 

Gill’s recipe was inspired by freeze-dried apples that she had crushed up and added to a cake. After she really liked the added flavor, she decided to add them to a yeast bread and combine them with hard apple cider. Dried cranberries, pumpkin seeds and walnuts completed the autumn theme.

 

Beyond the flavorful additions, King Arthur flour and Red Star Platinum yeast were critical for bringing the recipe together. Gill recommends trying this bread as a breakfast toast or for a sweet and savory sandwich, especially for family meals.

 

“I love the opportunity to be creative and to make a recipe my own,” Gill said. “Baking is a fun hobby for me, but more importantly, I love to share the foods I make. To me, sharing means love and appreciation to my family, friends, co-workers and neighbors.”

 

Honorable Mentions in the Yeast Bread category included:

 

Ethnic Bread Award: Chocolate Praline Povitica, Michele Kusma of Columbus, Ohio
Ease of Preparation Award: Jalapeño Cheddar Roulade, Daniel Alcazar-Roman of Belmont, California
Betty Kandt Family Award: Lemon Meringue Spirals, Michele Kusma of Columbus, Ohio
Cheese Bread Award: Pimento Cheese Pull-Apart Bread with Hot Honey, Tiffany Aaron, Quitman, Arkansas
Best Pastry Award: Sticky Pear Claws, Lanie Smith, Topeka, Kansas
Creative and Artistic Award: Wicked-Good Bread, Stacey Ricker, Douglas, Wyoming

The 2025 National Festival of Breads was proudly sponsored by Kansas Wheat, King Arthur Baking Company, Kansas Department of Agriculture, Manhattan Hy-Vee, Stafford County Flour Mills, Visit Manhattan, Kansas Farm Bureau and the Betty Kandt Family. In-kind support was generously provided by the Home Baking Association, the Kansas Soybean Commission and the Wheat Foods Council.

 

Learn more about the winners and their recipes at nationalfestivalofbreads.com.

If a little fertilizer is good then a lot of fertilizer is great, right?

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If a little fertilizer is good then a lot of fertilizer is great, right? That is not the case for tomato plants. Too much nitrogen on tomato plants may result in vigorous plant growth without much fruit. Plants should be side-dressed with nitrogen three times during the growing season.

 

The first application should be applied one to two weeks prior to when the first tomato ripens. Two weeks after ripening, it’s time for the second application. The third round of fertilizer should be applied one month after the second. Basically, there should be one month of time between each application.

 

Common sources of nitrogen-only fertilizers include nitrate of soda, urea and ammonium sulfate. Blood meal contains primarily nitrogen but is not exclusive. Apply one of the following fertilizers at the rate provided:

 

Nitrate of soda (16-0-0): 2/3 pound (1.5 cups) fertilizer per 30 feet of row

Blood meal (12-1.5-.6): 14 ounces (1.75 cups) fertilizer per 30 feet of row

Urea (46-0-0): 4 ounces (1/2 cup) fertilizer per 30 feet of row

Ammonium Sulfate (21-0-0): 0.5 pounds (1 cup) fertilizer per 30 feet of row

 

Alternatively, lawn fertilizer, free of weed killer/preventer, can be used at a rate of 1/3 pound (3/4 cup) fertilizer per 30 feet of row. Choose a fertilizer that is about 30% nitrogen (the first number in the set of three).

Day 2, Kansas Wheat Harvest Report

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Kansas Wheat

Contact: Marsha Boswell, [email protected]

For audio version, visit kswheat.com.

 

This is day 2 of the Kansas Wheat Harvest Reports, brought to you by the Kansas Wheat Commission, Kansas Association of Wheat Growers, Kansas Grain and Feed Association and the Kansas Cooperative Council.

 

Harvest was off to a rapid start in southwest Kansas on Thursday with temperatures topping out about 100 degrees. There will be more information available on how yields and quality will compare to average by the beginning of next week when reports start to come in.

 

In central Kansas, harvest came to a halt after Tuesday’s rainfall but will pick back up by the weekend with high winds and nearly triple digit temperatures in the forecast.

 

Derek Sawyer who farms in McPherson County reports that before Tuesday’s rain they were cutting wheat that was yielding 80 bushels per acre. But Tuesday brought the area 5 to 6 inches of rain, up to 10 inches in some places, and 80 mile per hour sustained winds. This took kernels out of the heads in many wheat fields. He estimates that they probably lost 25% of the yield potential. Test weights were good, but will no doubt decrease with the rain. Some fields are in standing water and may not be able to be harvested. While he should be over halfway done with harvest, Sawyer reports that he barely even got started, and won’t be able to get into even the fields with the least amount of rainfall until the weekend at the earliest. The creek is out of its banks and roads are flooded in the area.

 

Lee Scheufler who farms in Rice and Ellsworth counties reports that harvest began on June 10 and that yields were average up to 20 percent above average. They’ve had a couple rain delays, including Tuesday’s rainfall which ranged from 1.75 to 4 inches in the area, with localized flooding. He was able to find dry ground on Thursday and get back to harvest before the weekend. After the rains, test weight has decreased slightly but is still around average. He is only about 15 to 20 percent of the way done with harvest and has at least a week left.

 

The 2025 Harvest Report is brought to you by the Kansas Wheat Commission, Kansas Association of Wheat Growers, Kansas Grain and Feed Association and the Kansas Cooperative Council. To follow along with harvest updates on social media, use #wheatharvest25. Tag us at @kansaswheat to share your harvest story and photos.

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Written by Marsha Boswell for Kansas Wheat

 

Merchandising vs Marketing

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Thayne Cozart
Milo Yield

In the great scheme of things, the success, or failure, of farmers and ranchers lies in the profit, or loss, of their commodities when those commodities enter the marketplace.

In general, it’s commonplace for everyone to consider any movement of commodities into commercial channels as MARKETING. And, that’s not wrong.

However, there is a way to market commodities that is superior to simply selling the “stuff.” That superior way is termed MERCHANDISING. Consider it marketing on Red Bull energy drink.

So, let’s try to differentiate between marketing and merchandising for a hard red winter wheat farmer. I consider marketing as “general” and merchandising as “specific.”

Marketing to me means, “I’ll be satisfied marketing my wheat at the average price.” Merchandising to me means, “I’m going to make the effort to point out to multiple potential buyers the specifics of why my wheat deserves a higher price.”

So, what are the “specifics” that could improve the value of my wheat to multiple buyers. For kernel quality, the list is long, but includes variety, test weight, moisture content, protein content, cleanliness from foreign matter, ash content, falling number, straight grade flour yield,

I can also list flour quality factors if I get a laboratory analysis of my wheat. Flour factors are color, gluten index, sedimentation volume, water absorption, mix time, loaf volume and crumb score.

But there are other secondary factors such as storage facilities, access and types of to transport available, location to export facilities, and local export basis.

The same comparison of marketing to merchandising applies to the cattle industry, too. Let’s look at feeder steers as an example. Marketing feeders can be as simple as hauling them to a marketplace and accepting the general price.

But, in recent years, feeder producers have been active in merchandising their steers with a list of specific value-adders such as breed, early weaning, pre-conditioning, creep feeding, vaccinations, listing sire and cow genetic traits. The Certified Angus Beef program is an excellent example of merchandising cattle.

To me, the way to maximize the “merchandising” of commodities is to maximize the exposure of all the quality factors to as many local, regional, national and global potential buyers as possible — and, then, provide a convenient way for all the buyers to COMPETE to finalize the purchase.

To me, an internet merchandising auction is the answer. Strangely, not since the advent of the internet in the 1990s has a multi-commodity internet commodity auction website succeeded. Makes me wonder if it will ever happen.

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Okay, off my high-horse now and into stories about successful merchandising efforts.

A rural farm youth who lived along a well-traveled roadway, asked his parents if he could set up a lemonade stand to make some spending money. Of course, they gave him their enthusiastic support.

That evening he lad came into the house with $160 in cash. His folks were flabbergasted. “How in the world did you make so much money with your lemonade stand,” his mother asked.

“Well, I priced my ice-cold lemonade for $1.10 cents a glass. I knew no one would have the exact change,” the kid explained. “So, when they took their lemonade and handed me two dollars or five dollars, I smiled real big and said, ‘Thanks for the generous tip. I really appreciate it. It’s going into my college savings account at the bank.'”

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Another young rural entrepreneur had a different merchandising strategy. He wuz selling farm fresh sweetcorn ears from his produce stand. He took advantage of the psychology of math.

He had a big roadside stand that proclaimed, “Fresh Picked Sweetcorn — 25-cents each or 3 for $1.

Nearly everyone went for the $1 “bargain.”

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I think we folks who garden for a hobby or as a necessity fail to appreciate the constant advancements of vegetable, fruit, and vineyard varieties. Every season a multitude of new and improved varieties come on the market.

My most recent example is the new pea variety “First 13.” I’d bet the name comes from the fact that for the first time a variety produced 13 peas in a pod. My First 13s produced prolifically with a majority of pods having 10-11 peas in them. I never found 13 when I shelled them, but they were the best peas I ever produced — and they are delicious.

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I finally finished building, filling, and planting all my new raised garden beds. It wuz a relief, because now I can concentrate of weeding, watering, and harvesting — which is the whole point of gardening.

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I had a little situation with my two-year-old great-grandson this week. He visited our place and wanted to “drive” my tractor. So I plunked him down in the seat, took out the keys, and let him play drive to his heart’s content.

Well, but then when I tried to start the tractor the next day, the battery wuz stone-cold dead. Yep, he’d flipped a switch and ran down the battery, But, after an overnight charging, the tractor wuz back to normal.

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Words of wisdom for the week, “Be sure your brain is engaged before you start your mouth.”

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I need to heed those wise words myself — often.

Have a good ‘un.