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Harvesting and roasting sunflower seeds

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K-State’s Domenghini shares tips for the upcoming sunflower harvest and home roasting

It is sunflower season in the sunflower state and harvest is just around the corner, starting mid-September into October.

As seed heads begin to ripen, protecting them from birds is essential. said Kansas State University horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini, who recommends covering the heads once the petals begin turning brown with a paper sack or cheesecloth and securing the cover with a rubber band.

“This will not only help keep the birds out, but will prevent ripened seeds from dropping out of the head,” she said.

Maturity is indicated by shriveled florets in the center of the flower disk, the backside of the head turning a lemon-yellow color and heads facing down. “The ultimate check is to pull a few seeds to see if they have turned black with white stripes, the typical color,” Domenghini said.

If there are empty shells, this usually indicates a lack of pollination earlier in the year, she added.

To harvest the seeds, cut the heads and place them in a paper sack, or leave a foot of stem attached and hang the heads upside down to dry. Cover the heads to prevent seeds from dropping as they dry. Once the heads dry, seeds can be removed by rubbing gently.

Roasting

Prepare the seeds for roasting by removing the shell and covering with salted water (2 quarts of water to ¼ to 2 cups salt). Then, bring them to a boil and simmer for two hours, or soak in the salt solution overnight. Then, it is important to drain and dry the seeds on absorbent paper.

To roast the seeds, spread them in a shallow pan in a 300 degree Fahrenheit oven for 30-40 minutes, stirring occasionally. Remove the seeds from the oven when they appear golden brown, according to Domenghini.

Seeds can be tossed in melted butter and salted, if desired.

Domenghini and her colleagues in K-State’s Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources produce a weekly Horticulture Newsletter with tips for maintaining home landscapes and gardens.

Interested persons can subscribe to the newsletter, as well as send their garden and yard-related questions to Domenghini at cdo[email protected], or contact your local K-State Research and Extension office.

 

Chaos gardening – wild beauty, or just a mess?

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If you’ve spent any time in the gardening corners of social media lately, you’ve likely come across a trend called “chaos gardening.”

The name alone is eye-catching – equal parts fun, rebellious and slightly alarming. Picture someone tossing random seeds into bare soil, watering once or twice, and ending up with a backyard jungle of blooms. No rows, no color coordination, no spacing charts. Just sprinkle and hope for the best.

As a sustainable landscape specialist at Colorado State University Extension, I think a lot about how to help people make designed landscapes more sustainable. Occasionally, a new trend like this one crops up claiming to be the silver bullet of gardening – supposedly it saves water, saves the bees and requires no maintenance.

But what is chaos gardening, really? And does it work? As with most viral trends, the answer is: sometimes.

What chaos gardening is and isn’t

At its core, chaos gardening is the practice of mixing a wide variety of seeds, often including leftover packets, wildflower mixes, or cut flower favorites, and scattering them over a planting area with minimal planning.

The goal is to create a dense, colorful garden that surprises you with its variety. For many, it’s a low-pressure, joyful way to experiment.

But chaos gardening isn’t the same as ecological restoration, pollinator meadow planting or native prairie establishment. Unlike chaos gardening, all of these techniques rely on careful species selection, site prep and long-term management.

Chaos gardening is a bit like making soup from everything in your pantry – it might be delicious, but there are no guarantees.

Chaos gardening’s appeal

One reason chaos gardening may be catching on is because it sidesteps the rules of garden design. A traditional landscape design approach is effective and appropriate for many settings, but it is a time investment and can feel intimidating. Design elements and principles, and matching color schemes, don’t fit everyone’s style or skill set.

Even the apparently relaxed layers of blooms and informal charm of an English cottage garden actually result from careful planning. Chaos gardening, by contrast, lets go of control. It offers a playful, forgiving entry point into growing things. In a way, chaos gardening is an antidote to the pressure of perfection, especially the kind found in highly curated, formal landscapes.

There’s also the allure of ease. People want gardening to be simple. If chaos gardening brings more people into the joy and mess of growing things, I consider that a win in itself. Broader research has found that emotional connection and accessibility are major motivators for gardening, often more than environmental impact.

When does chaos gardening work?

The best outcomes from chaos gardening happen when the chaos has a few guardrails:

  • Choose plants with similar needs. Most successful chaos gardens rely on sun-loving annuals that grow quickly and bloom prolifically, like zinnias, cosmos, marigolds, snapdragons and sunflowers. These are also excellent cut flowers to use in bouquets, which makes them doubly rewarding.
  • Consider your region. A chaos garden that thrives in Colorado might flop in North Carolina. It is beneficial to select seed mixes or individual varieties suited to your area since factors like soil type and growing season length matter. Different plants have unique needs beyond just sun and water; soil pHcold hardiness and other conditions can make a big difference.
  • Think about pollinators. Mixing in nectar- and pollen-rich flowers native to North America, such as black-eyed Susans, bee balm or coneflowers, provides valuable resources for native bees, butterflies, moths and other local pollinators. These species benefit even more if you plan your garden with phenology – that is, nature’s calendar – in mind. By maintaining blooms from early spring through late fall, you ensure a steady food supply throughout the growing season. Plus, a diverse plant palette supports greater pollinator abundance and diversity.
  • Prep your site. Even “chaos” needs a little order. Removing weeds, loosening the top layer of soil and watering regularly, especially during germination when seeds are sprouting, will dramatically improve your results. Successful seed germination requires direct seed-to-soil contact and consistent moisture; if seeds begin to grow and then dry out, many species will not survive.

When does chaos gardening not work?

The best outcomes from chaos gardening happen when the chaos has a few guardrails:

  • Choose plants with similar needs. Most successful chaos gardens rely on sun-loving annuals that grow quickly and bloom prolifically, like zinnias, cosmos, marigolds, snapdragons and sunflowers. These are also excellent cut flowers to use in bouquets, which makes them doubly rewarding.
  • Consider your region. A chaos garden that thrives in Colorado might flop in North Carolina. It is beneficial to select seed mixes or individual varieties suited to your area since factors like soil type and growing season length matter. Different plants have unique needs beyond just sun and water; soil pHcold hardiness and other conditions can make a big difference.
  • Think about pollinators. Mixing in nectar- and pollen-rich flowers native to North America, such as black-eyed Susans, bee balm or coneflowers, provides valuable resources for native bees, butterflies, moths and other local pollinators. These species benefit even more if you plan your garden with phenology – that is, nature’s calendar – in mind. By maintaining blooms from early spring through late fall, you ensure a steady food supply throughout the growing season. Plus, a diverse plant palette supports greater pollinator abundance and diversity.
  • Prep your site. Even “chaos” needs a little order. Removing weeds, loosening the top layer of soil and watering regularly, especially during germination when seeds are sprouting, will dramatically improve your results. Successful seed germination requires direct seed-to-soil contact and consistent moisture; if seeds begin to grow and then dry out, many species will not survive.

When does chaos gardening not work?

There are a few key pitfalls to chaos gardening that often get left out of the online hype:

  • Wrong plant, wrong place. If your mix includes shade-loving plants and your garden is in full sun, or drought-tolerant plants whose seeds end up in a soggy low spot, they’ll struggle to grow.
  • Invasive species and misidentified natives. Some wildflower mixes, especially inexpensive or mass-market ones, claim to be native but actually contain non-native species that can spread beyond your garden and become invasive. While many non-natives are harmless, some spread quickly and disrupt natural ecosystems. Check seed labels carefully and choose regionally appropriate native or adapted species whenever possible.
  • Soil, sun and water still matter. Gardening is always a dialogue with place. Even if you’re embracing chaos, taking notes, observing how light moves through your space, and understanding your soil type will help you know your site better, and choose appropriate plants.
  • Maintenance is still a thing. Despite the “toss and walk away” aesthetic, chaos gardens still require care. Watering, weeding and eventually cutting back or removing spent annuals are all part of the cycle.

Beyond the hashtag

Beneath the chaos gardening memes, there’s something real happening: a growing interest in a freer, more intuitive way of gardening. And that’s worth paying attention to.

Once someone has success with a zinnia or cosmos, they may be inspired to try more gardening. They might start noticing which flowers the bees are visiting in their garden. They may discover native plants and pay attention to the soil they are tending, seeing how both are part of a larger, living system. A chaotic beginning can become something deeper.

Chaos gardening might not replace the structured borders of a manicured garden or a carefully curated pollinator patch, but it might get someone new into the garden. It might lower the stakes, invite experimentation and help people see beauty in abundance rather than control.

If that’s the entry point someone needs, then let the chaos begin.

 

Wheat Scoop: Kansas Wheat Germ Powers Big Ideas at Tritica Biosciences

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Kansas Wheat

For the audio version, visit kswheat.com.

A Kansas startup is putting wheat at the center of a biotechnology breakthrough that could change how medicines are made and delivered worldwide.

Tritica Biosciences, founded by husband and wife team Dr. Chris and Brandi Miller, is using wheat germ, the tiny embryo inside the kernel, to power a process called cell-free protein synthesis. In simple terms, they have figured out how to turn wheat germ into a shelf-stable “factory” that makes proteins on demand.

 

Wheat germ’s unique role

 

The key is Tritica’s ability to separate and preserve the wheat embryo intact. Unlike traditional milling byproducts that quickly go rancid, their process keeps embryos stable at room temperature. From there, the embryos are converted into an extract that can begin producing proteins when supplied with the right DNA instructions.

 

One example is insulin. Instead of relying on centralized production, hospitals or clinics could one day make insulin locally by adding water and the correct DNA to wheat germ extract.

 

“The seed goes in the soil and that embryo has to have every resource that it’s going to take to get through the soil until it can get a leaf up and start photosynthesis,” Chris Miller said. “It’s packed with concentrated machinery. You couldn’t go take leaves or grass clippings and do what we do. It’s really specific to the embryo.”

 

“In a nutshell, we can put in DNA for human insulin and the machines will pick up that instruction set and make it immediately,” Chris Miller said.

 

Endless possibilities

 

The Millers believe the applications reach far beyond pharmaceuticals. Their process has already shown success with enzymes, human DNA and even food-related proteins.

 

“We don’t even know fully, to be honest. We are just getting started,” Brandi Miller said. “Our big focus right now with the ARPA-H project is pharmaceuticals, but we think it’s endless. As Chris mentioned, we’ve had success with enzymes and even human DNA. It’s just a matter of optimization.”

 

The work is backed by a $29 million federal grant from ARPA-H, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health. Tritica is partnering with other biotech firms to refine the process and test its potential in real-world health care settings.

 

Benefits for farmers and beyond

 

For Kansas farmers, the technology offers another way wheat could improve lives. The leftover grain from Tritica’s process can still be milled into flour, meaning nothing is wasted. The system also avoids toxic byproducts or wastewater.

 

“How cool would it be to think about using Kansas wheat to manufacture insulin,” Brandi Miller said. “If a farmer could grow a particular variety of wheat just for that purpose, it would be an incredible story for agriculture and health care.”

 

While the startup is still small, with just a handful of scientists working east of Manhattan, the Millers say the long-term potential is enormous. Beyond medicine, future uses could include animal nutrition, cosmetics and other industries that rely on proteins.

 

Tritica Biosciences began in a converted barn and has already outgrown multiple facilities. With support from ARPA-H and Kansas partnerships, the company is scaling up production and exploring how specific wheat varieties may perform in the process.

 

The Millers say their vision is simple: using Kansas-grown wheat to make life-saving products more accessible and sustainable.

 

To learn more about Tritica Biosciences, visit triticabio.com or listen to episode 320 of the Wheat’s on Your Mind podcast at wheatsonyourmind.com.

If machines could talk

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Thayne Cozart
Milo Yield

The gaggle of old geezers who gather every day to gab, gossip, and gripe over coffee and iced tea– of which I am a member in good standing — represent a wide diversity of life experiences and varying stages of old-age health decline.

Collectively we’ve got stiff joints, wrinkles, white hair and whiskers, limps, hearing aids, artificial joints, false teeth, chronic aches and pains, and assorted other ailments and symptoms.

Career-wise, we’re all over the map and retired. Think of anything and someone in the group has probably done it at one time or another.

That diversity triggers conversations on topics that cover about everything under the sun. Pick any topic from the massive to the mundane and we’ve probably discussed it.

Well, the other day on my drive home from the geezer gathering, my aggie imagination went off the deep end and I wondered what kinds of stories old tractors, pickup trucks, machinery and tools would tell if they could gather in groups to talk like us old geezers.

It’s a fact that machines and tools of all kinds get hard use on farms and ranches. So, if they could do “machinery geezer talk” they’d have a lot of stories to tell.

So, put your imagination to work and envision a varied bunch of retired “farm iron” sitting in the shade of a big ol’ cottonwood tree, sipping diesel fuel or gasoline, spiked with oil, swapping stories and lies just like people.

Their conversation might go something like this:

• John Deere H “Johnny Popper,” 1943 model: “I got bought by a farmer who sold his team of Belgian gray mares to get the money. He liked to have worked me to death. But, I got even one day when he got mad and hit my tire with a ball peen hammer and I bounced it back into his head and knocked him out.

“Eventually, he wore me out and parked me back in the wood row and there I sat rusting, with my engine seizing up, for 50 years. I thought I’d seen the end. But, one day a young fella bought me and worked for two winters to restore me to my original glory. That’s how I look so good today. Just plain ol’ good fortune.”

• Ford F150 pickup, 1975 model: “I don’t think I’ll ever get that lucky. The guy who owns me ain’t much on maintenance. I seldom get an oil change. I never get washed because he thinks caked-on mud keeps me from rattling on the gravel roads. I’m rusted out in my wheel wells from all the salty winter roads he’s driven me on. My dash board and floor board is covered with dust and trash. My seats are covered in dog hair. I’m pretty sure I’m eventually doomed for the car crusher.”

• Farmall 2-row corn planter, 1960 model: “I wuz top-of-the-line back in the day. But, it wuzn’t many years before I got outdated and retired to the junk row. After 40 years of outdoors neglect, I got lucky and wuz bought by a guy who sells sweet corn. He replaced my old plates with new ones, gave me a coat of paint, and now I get used a couple times a year to plant his sweet corn plot. The rest of my time is leisure time. I couldn’t be luckier.”

• Cattle squeeze chute, 1967 manual model: “I got treated like royalty when I wuz new. My rancher owner bragged about how efficient I wuz compared to ropin’ and draggin’. But the ranch hands hated me becuz they loved roping. So, they grumbled and griped every time they used me. But, I learned to get even wth them by occasionally letting a cow critter break through the head gate and run away. Or I made sure they got their knuckles skinned up and plenty of cuts and bruises.

“But, I had to be repaired often and finally wore out my welcome. I wuz replaced by a fancy, handy-dandy hydraulic chute and tossed on the junk pile and forgotten as too old and worthless.”

So, yep. If “old iron” could talk, the conversations would take us on a trip down memory lane. Now, on to another story.

***

Mildred wuz a gossipy old biddy and self-appointed monitor of a rural church’s morals. She kept herself busy sticking her nose into other people’s business. Plus, she insinuated that she considered herself morally above the common fray.

Several church members did not approve of Mildred’s extra-curricular activities, but feared her enough to maintain their silence.

But, Mildred made a mistake, however, when she accused Hank, a retired farmer church member and an old bachelor, of being an alcoholic drunk after she saw his old pickup parked in front of the town’s only bar one afternoon.

She emphatically told Hank that everyone seeing it there would know what he was doing!

Hank, a man of few words, stared at her for a moment, then just turned and walked away. He didn’t explain, defend, or deny. He said nothing.

Later that evening, Frank quietly parked his pickup in front of Mildred’s house … walked home … and left it there all night.

The next morning tongues all over the community started wagging about Mildred.

You gotta love Hank!

***

True kid story: A 4-year-old loved eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich every day at day care. But, his mom told him that a new kid at day care has a severe allergy to peanuts, so her son would have to quit taking his PBJ to school.

The kid replied: “Well, why doesn’t he stay home?” His mom explained why. Then her son belligerently replied, “Well, I’m not going then!”

***

Words of wisdom for the week: “The human brain runs on less power than a 60-watt light bulb. Now I know why so many folks are considered dimwits.” Have a good ‘un.

 

Growing a tall fescue lawn

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Growing a tall fescue lawn the correct way reduces potential problems later on.

Fertilizing tall fescue in September and November is the most important time. Fertilizing in March or early April promotes excessive growth that increases mowing and encourages disease and weeds. Delay fertilization until top growth slows in May. Then apply a slow-release nitrogen source, which keeps grass from growing too fast as hot weather approaches. Too much top growth prevents root growth needed to withstand summer stresses. If fertilizing only once a year, do it in September to thicken the lawn and promote root development. A November fertilizer application helps lawn stay green longer and encourages it to green up earlier in the spring.

 

Fertilizing Schedule for Tall Fescue

Nitrogen carrier Amount*

September Soluble or Mixed 1–11⁄2 lb. N

November Soluble 1–11⁄2 lb. N

May Slow release 1 lb. N

 

*pounds of actual nitrogen (not product) per 1,000 square feet