Wednesday, January 14, 2026
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Questions on ornamental grasses

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We are starting to receive questions on whether it is best to cut back
ornamental grasses in the fall or spring. As a rule, ornamental grasses
should not be cut back while green because they need time to move the energy
found in the foliage into the roots. Even when browned by cold weather, most
gardeners will leave the foliage until spring because of the interest it
adds to winter landscapes. Early March is the preferred time to cut back
these plants. However, dry foliage is extremely flammable and should be
removed in the fall from areas where it is a fire hazard.
Another question we often receive is whether we can divide ornamental
grasses in the fall. Spring is the preferred time because divisions done in
the fall may not root well enough to survive the winter.

By: Ward Upham

NCAT OREI grant to study organic risk

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Is organic farming risky? The National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) will be taking an in-depth look at that question over the next four years.

NCAT, which is headquartered in Butte, Montana, and has six regional offices around the country, recently was awarded a $750,000 USDA Organic Research and Extension Initiative Program grant to explore organic farming’s risk as well as whether the general lack of quality crop insurance acts as a barrier to the expansion of diversified organic systems of food production and markets.

“This is a very exciting opportunity to better understand how and to what extent organic production systems can build more resilient food systems,” said Jeff Schahczenski, NCAT’s agricultural policy and funding research director.

Scahczenski will lead the project with Eric Belasco, an agricultural economist at Montana State University, and NCAT Southwest Regional Director Mike Morris. Morris works out of San Antonio, Texas.

While all farming is risky, there has been a common assumption that those who undertake organic food production are more likely to experience greater risks of crop failure and loss.

The long-term goal of this project is to understand and measure the relative yield and price risk of comparable organic and non-organic production systems.

“I’ve been working on the topic of whole farm revenue crop insurance for diversified agricultural systems for over seven years and have always been struck by the important connection between the increased diversity of cropping and integrated livestock systems and production and market risks,” Schahczenski said. “It seems intuitive that farmers who depend on only one or two crops for their livelihood are more prone to both natural and market sources of risks than those who have greater crop and livestock diversity.

“Organic production systems tend to have greater crop and livestock product diversity and thus ought to be less risky systems of production.  However, until fairly recently, our publicly subsidized crop insurance programs have not fully recognized the benefits of diversity inherent in organic production systems. This project gives us the chance to explore these important speculations carefully.”

Kathy Hadley, executive director of NCAT, said she is looking forward to the research and educational opportunities this project will add to NCAT’s prolific work in sustainable agriculture development.

“NCAT has been a national leader and champion of sustainable and organic agriculture for over 30 years,” she said. “Our work with USDA in operating the ATTRA program, a national sustainable agriculture information service, has been outstanding.  This new project will ultimately lead to practical and scientifically validated understanding and policy changes that will help agriculture producers build the diversified and resilient agriculture and food systems we so badly need as we face future climate and food security uncertainty.”

Belasco has been active in research related to issues of crop insurance and production and market risks, while Morris has worked on more than 20 projects assisting hundreds of organic and sustainable farmers and ranchers throughout the United States. An extensive project advisory team of individuals representing 12 national and regional sustainable and organic organizations will assist in project development, data collection, and outreach.

For more information, contact Jeff Schahczenski at 406-494-8636 or [email protected]

Fertilize spring-flowering bulbs

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October is the month that existing beds of spring-flowering bulbs such as
daffodils and tulips are fertilized. If bulbs have been fertilized in the
past, there is often plenty of phosphorus and potassium in the soil.
It is best to use a soil test to be certain. If the soil needs phosphorus
and potassium, use a complete fertilizer (such as 10-10-10, 9-9-6, etc.) at
the rate of 2.5 lbs. per 100 square feet. This would equal 1 rounded
teaspoon per square foot. If phosphorus and potassium are not needed, blood
meal makes an excellent fertilizer. It should be applied at the rate of 2
pounds per 100 square feet or 1 teaspoon per square foot. Turf fertilizers
such as a 27-3-3 or 30-3-3 can be used, but cut the rate by a third.

By: Ward Upham

Fall a good time for soil testing

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Though we often think of soil testing as a spring chore, fall can actually
be a better time. Soil-testing laboratories are often very busy during the
spring resulting in a longer turnaround from submission to recommendations.
Also, soils in the spring are often waterlogged, making taking samples
difficult. If your soil test suggests more organic matter, fall is a much
better season because materials are more available than in the spring, and
fresher materials can be used without harming young tender spring-planted
plants.
Begin by taking a representative sample from several locations in the garden
or lawn. Each sample should contain soil from the surface to about 6 to 8
inches deep. This is most easily done with a soil sampler.
Many K-State Research and Extension offices have such samplers available for
checkout. If you don’t have a sampler, use a shovel to dig straight down
into the soil. Then shave a small layer off the back of the hole for your
sample. Mix the samples together in a clean plastic container and select
about 1 to 1.5 cups of soil. This can be placed in a plastic container such
as a resealable plastic bag.
Take the soil to your county extension office to have tests done for a small
charge at the K-State soil-testing laboratory. A soil test determines
fertility problems, not other conditions that may exist such as poor
drainage, poor soil structure, soil borne diseases or insects, chemical
contaminants or damage, or shade with root competition from other plants.
All of these conditions may reduce plant performance but cannot be evaluated
by a soil test.

 

By: Ward Upham

Laugh tracks in the dust

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Thayne Cozart
Milo Yield

     Folks, it’s odds and ends time again — when I foist off on my readers some of the “stuff” that’s been accumulating on my desk and in my e-mail box. So, here goes:

***

A friend, ol’ Aimen Blastitt, went to a local gun and knife show recently and gave me this report:

“Milo, went to an all-day gun show and there were tons of folks and merchandise. Looked like people buying mostly hand guns and a lot were just ‘interested lookers.’ Lots of folks lined up to join the NRA.

“The best sign I saw there was at a booth that read: “If you think this administration is doing a good job, we don’t want your business. You’re too stupid and dangerous to own a firearm.”

***

A farm wife went into a hardware store to purchase a bale of peat moss for her flower beds..

She offered a personal check in payment and said to the clerk, “I suppose you will want some identification.”

He replied, without hesitation, “No ma’am, that won’t be necessary.”

“How come?” asked the woman.

“Crooks and terrorists don’t buy peat moss,” answered the clerk.

Now that’s a smart clerk.

***

A friend of ours in Kansas City, Ms. Jenny Erous, bought a bird feeder. She hung it on her back porch and filled it with seed.

Within a week she had hundreds of birds taking advantage of the continuous flow of free and easily accessible food.

But then the birds started building nests in the boards of the patio, above the table, and next to the barbecue. Then came the poop. It was everywhere: on the patio tile, the chairs, the table… everywhere!

Then some of the birds turned mean. They would dive bomb Jenny and try

to peck her even though she had fed them out of her own pocket and paid for it out of her own pocketbook. And gradually some of the birds became boisterous and loud. They sat on the feeder and squawked and chirped at all hours of the day and night, seeming to demand that Jenny fill the feeder when it got low on free food.

After a while, Jenny couldn’t even sit on her own back porch anymore. So she took down the bird feeder and in three days the birds were gone. She cleaned up their mess and took down the many nests they had built all over the patio.

Soon, Jenny’s back yard was like it used to be… quiet and serene … no more freeloading birds demanding their rights to a free meal.

I think there’s a moral to Jenny’s story if I could only figger it out.

***

A Ozarks couple, both bonafied rednecks, had nine children. They went to the doctor to see about getting the husband the irreversible operation.

The doctor gladly started the required procedure and asked them what finally made them make the decision — why after nine children, would they choose to do this.

The husband replied that they had read in a recent article that one out of every ten children being born in North America spoke a foreign language as their first first language, and they didn’t want to take a chance on having a foreign-language-speaking baby because neither of them could speak anything but English.

***

Two young yuppie entrepreneurs were sitting down for a break in their

soon-to-be new store in the shopping mall in a generally rural community. As yet, the store’s merchandise wasn’t in — only a few shelves and display racks set up.

One said to the other, “I’ll bet that any minute now some ol’ farmer is going

to walk by, put his face to the window, and ask what we’re selling.”

Sure enuf, just a moment later, a curious gray-haired fellow in a straw hat and overalls walked up to the window, looked around intensely, rapped on the glass, then in a loud voice asked, “What are you selling here?”

One of the young would-be businessmen replied sarcastically, “We’re selling smart alecks.”

Without skipping a beat, the old timer said, “You must be doing well. Only two left.”

Seniors — don’t mess with us. We didn’t get old by being stupid!

***

The stretch of fine fall weather had continued for the past few days, but the forecast is for mid-week showers. That’s fine with me as the forage plots I planted for the chickens could use a bit of moisture to keep ‘em growing.

I’m gonna close for this week questioning a paradox of modern society. I’m wondering why it is that in an unprovoked terrorist bombing of innocent people, society and the lame-stream media blame the terrorist, but in a unprovoked mass shooting of innocents, they place the blame on the guns?

Think about why that is and have a good ‘un.