Wednesday, March 11, 2026
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Kansas State Historic Sites to offer Free Admission

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The Kansas Historical Society announced that the Kansas State Historic Sites around
the state will offer free admission as of April 19, 2023. These 16 state historic sites explore topics in Kansas history, including Bleeding Kansas and the Civil War, forts and trails, Native American history, and Kansas families.

“We want Kansas history to be accessible to everyone,” said Patrick Zollner, executive director, Kansas Historical Society. “We are offering free admission for Kansas families to enjoy trips to state historic sites and discover the interesting people and history they represent.”

Five state historic sites are open year-round. Constitution Hall State Historic Site in Lecompton is open 9 a.m.-5 p.m., Wednesday-Saturday; 1-5 p.m. Sunday. Fort Hays State Historic Site in Hays is open 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday; 1-5 p.m. Sunday. John Brown Museum State Historic Site in Osawatomie, operated through a partnership, is open 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Tuesday-Saturday, please call ahead to confirm. Shawnee Indian Mission State Historic Site in Fairway, operated through a partnership, is open 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday. Goodnow House State Historic Site in Manhattan, operated through a partnership, is open 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Tuesday-Friday; 2-5 p.m. Saturday- Sunday.

Seven sites are open seasonally. First Territorial Capitol in Fort Riley opens as of April 22, hours 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Saturday; 1-5 p.m. Sunday. Grinter Place State Historic Site in Kansas City opens as of April 19, hours 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday. Hollenberg Pony Express Station State Historic Site near Hanover opens as of April 19, hours 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday. Mine Creek Civil War Battlefield State Historic Site near Pleasanton opens as of April 19, hours 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday; interpreted battlefield open year-round dawn to dusk. Pawnee Indian Museum State Historic Site near Republic opens as of April 19, hours 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday; interpreted trail open year-round dawn to dusk. Red Rocks State Historic Site, Home of the William
Allen White Family, in Emporia opens as of April 19, hours 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Wednesday-Saturday.

Cottonwood Ranch State Historic Site in Studley, operated through a partnership, opens as of April 13 for guided tours inside 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Thursday-Saturday, closed 12-1 p.m., please call ahead to confirm; interpreted trail open year-round dawn to dusk.

Two sites are exterior interpreted experiences open year-round dawn to dusk, Marais des Cygnes Massacre State Historic Site near Trading Post, and Pawnee Rock State Historic Site in Pawnee Rock.

Kaw Mission State Historic Site and Last Chance Store State Historic Site in Council Grove are being reinterpreted and expected to open later this year. Find more information about each of these sites, their histories, and exhibits, online at kshs.org/18658.

The Keystone operator says design and construction flaws led to the Kansas oil spill

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The Canadian operator of the pipeline that burst in Washington County released its summary of an analysis it commissioned on the cause of the oil spill.

Stress put on the Keystone pipeline during construction, its operator said Friday, contributed significantly to it bursting in north-central Kansas.

TC Energy says an independent review shows the sequence of factors that led to the Keystone’s rupture in December that fouled a creek and spewed oil over cropland and prairie.

The ill-fated segment experienced “inadvertent bending stresses sufficient to initiate a crack” during its construction in 2011, the company said in a press release about the findings.

The Washington County spill was the biggest in the Keystone’s history, and the second-biggest spill on U.S. soil of dilbit, a Canadian tar sands product that presents particular environmental risks and cleanup challenges when it spills into bodies of water.

The company didn’t release the document, but outlined its version of “the key findings” in it.

Federal officials ordered TC Energy to commission the pipeline failure analysis. The government told the Canadian company to hire an independent contractor to help with the analysis and to “document the decision-making process and all factors contributing to the failure.”

The federal agency — the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration — also received the report on Friday, but it hasn’t commented publicly yet on the conclusions.

TC Energy says the report found that “a progressive fatigue crack” was the main cause of the oil spill.

The crack started at a welded spot in the pipeline that connected an elbow fitting to the pipe segment across a creek.

“Bending stresses during construction also led to a deformation in the elbow fitting and a wrinkle in the adjacent piping,” the company said. “Further, the design of the weld transition created a stress concentration point, making the pipe at this location more susceptible to bending stresses.”

The company says the fitting and pipe “met all strength and material property design and code requirements.”

It also says the Kansas section of the Keystone never operated above the stress level normally permitted for such pipelines, even though it had received special federal permission to exceed those limits.

The federal government had also ordered TC Energy to investigate whether similar conditions elsewhere along the Keystone could lead to the same tragic consequences.

TC Energy said Friday that it is “in the process of implementing a comprehensive plan … to enhance our pipeline integrity program and overall safety performance.”

It said it is carrying out extra inspections and examining “other sites with characteristics like the incident location sites.”

TC Energy initially estimated that 588,000 gallons of crude oil spilled in Kansas. It later lowered the estimate to 543,000 gallons.

However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is sticking to the original figure, which it says matches the agency’s independent calculations.

Last month, the agency said it expects the cleanup will continue for months to come.

TC Energy says it has recovered 98% of the oil, and has cleaned up 90% of Mill Creek’s soiled shoreline.

Mill Creek was initially buried in crude oil nearly a foot deep in some areas. The substance is a tar sands product called dilbit that presents particular environmental challenges when it spills into bodies of water. While most oil tends to float on water, dilbit starts breaking apart into peanut butter-like bitumen that sinks.

Cleanup crews have spent months removing the spilled oil and ultimately isolated and drained about four miles of the creek to help with the process.

The Canadian company has said it expects the cleanup and related work to cost $480 million.

It hasn’t said whether that figure includes the taxpayer money spent by state and federal agencies that responded to the oil spill, part of which the company will be forced to repay.

Celia Llopis-Jepsen covers the environment for the Kansas News Service. You can follow her on Twitter @celia_LJ or email her at celia (at) kcur (dot) org.

Are you up for the BQA Challenge?

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You can help your state or regional Angus association win up to $2,000. That’s money to use at its discretion for events or other association initiatives.

All you have to do is get Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) certified and submit your certificate to enter. Learn more about the BQA Challenge, get certified and enter your state or regional Angus association online. The deadline to enter is June 30.

CHEWING GUM THROUGH THE YEARS

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Chewing gum has changed a lot since I was a child and spending my days with my grandparents while mom was sleeping. (My mom worked the night shift as a telephone operator.) Grandmother would not buy chewing gum for me when we went to town. She would buy those little candy necklaces and that was all that she would buy for me.
I am surprised she bought them because I wore the necklace all the time I was eating the little candy beads so I always had a sticky neck for her to clean up. The taste of those little candy beads was a lot like sweet tarts, not real sweet but I was happy with any kind of candy at that age.
So when I wanted something to chew she would slice off a little piece of her canning wax and when I had it softened up a little in my mouth she would give me just a little bit of the dry Kool Aid powder to add to it. I didn’t know any different and thought that was good.
The canning wax was hard to chew and my jaws got tired pretty fast and I would spit out her idea of chewing gum and go back to sucking on the bead necklace. I can still remember the sweet tart flavor of those necklaces.
When I was really young there was little wax bottles that had a sweet liquid in them that was fruit flavored but Grandmother would rarely buy them for me. If Grandfather gave me a few pennies when I walked to town with him I would buy one. Now that I think about it they probably tasted the same as her canning wax and Kool-Aid.
I really didn’t get gum until I was in the 8th grade. But we couldn’t chew gum in school or we’d get in trouble. One of our teachers made us swallow it if he caught us chewing gum in his class. Not an experience I wanted to repeat. So once was enough to teach me not to chew gum at school.
I don’t think I had gum again until I started to work at the drug store when I was in high school. I started to work as a soda jerk when I was a sophomore in 1964 after mom and her best friend bought the drug store. The job as soda jerk was one of the most fun jobs I ever had.
The drug store was the meeting place in that little town and all the adults came there for coffee and to talk and to buy gifts. The kids liked to come for a coke or milkshake and to get candy or ice cream bars. So as the soda jerk I got to talk to lot of people every day.
Do you remember the clove and black jack gum they had back then? It just took one time of trying to chew either one of them for me to decide I didn’t like them. If I remember right the black jack was a licorice flavor, and I hated black licorice.
We sold a lot of bubble gum in the drug store and had two kinds. There was double bubble and it came in a little log shape wrapped up individually. That was my choice for bubble gum. But it was actually too big for my mouth and it got really firm and hard to chew pretty quick.
The other bubble gum was Bazooka. It was a little flat square that was scored down the middle so you had two pieces. The Bazooka had a different taste than the Double Bubble and I was not really fond of it even though I could divide it and have two pieces instead of one. Plus it stayed soft longer so you could blow bubbles.
In the 50’s Beech Nut gum had little chickles that were Chlorophyll (they were green) I didn’t like that flavor. Beechnut also had mellow fruit, cherry stripe, and fruit stripe, which I did like now and then. Clarks had teaberry clorets with resin, didn’t like that one either. Supposed to be good for the breath I guess.
Beechnut had the little Beeches and the flavors for them were mellow fruit and cherry stripe and fruit stripe. Adams had a sour banana, black jack, and clove gum. The black jack was a licorice flavor that I didn’t like but we sold a lot of it in the drug store. I was not a fan of the clove either.
We had a large display case on the counter near the cash register that had all the different brands and flavors of gum. But by far the most popular with the adults were the Wrigley’s spearmint in the white package and the one in the green package was peppermint and was a stronger flavor.
I am sure that this walk down chewing gum lane will bring back some memories if you were a child of the 50’s and 60’s. Chewing gum has sure changed through the years. To contact Sandy: [email protected]

When your Hobby takes Wing

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I occasionally help provide programs for the independent and assisted living portion of our local nursing / retirement home, Pleasant View Home. Monday, we welcomed Don Johnson from Valley Center, a falconer and member of the Kansas Hawking Club. With Don were Meagan, one of his two Harris Hawks and Apollo his Barn Owl. I met Don through a mutual friend back in 2017.
Don and his wife Carole both had successful careers as manufacturing engineers in England where they lived about an hour south of London’s Heathrow airport. Carole’s company asked her to move to the U.S. to operate one of their facilities in Kansas. They liked life here in the U.S. and they saw this as an opportunity for Carole to advance within her company, so the deal was accepted. Don had always worked for American companies, so work and vacations had brought them stateside many times to cities like Las Vegas and Manhattan, NY, but upon hearing their destination this time, they looked at each other and wondered aloud “Where’s Kansas?”
The 3 birds Don brought to the states all came from the UK, and the process of getting them here took several months and cost the price of a good used car. To own birds of prey and be a falconer in the U.K. no license, permit or even knowledge of falconry is required. Here in KS, Johnson had to navigate a process where he first got a licensed Kansas falconer to sponsor him as an apprentice. Next, he had to pass a written test with at least an 80%, then have the housing facilities for his birds built and inspected by KS Dept of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism at which point he became an apprentice falconer. Two years later, he became a licensed general falconer here in Kansas.
Johnson has 2 Harris Hawks, a male named Jasper and a female named Megan, and a Barn Owl named Apollo. During his program, Don stressed several times that becoming a falconer is a very big commitment. Birds of prey kept by falconers must be flown year-round as frequently as possible and must be weighed often to keep their weight within certain strict parameters that allow them to fly and to hunt. Don has a whiteboard in his shop where he records the daily weight of each bird and what he feeds them daily. During hunting season, he actually hunts with the birds as often as possible. Megan was Johnson’s first bird and she was rescued from a situation where she’d been kept in a tiny 6-foot square enclosure and not flown for 2 years. Johnson kept Jasper 9 months for a friend, then acquired him when the friend decided he didn’t want him back. His first Barn Owl named Zola was purchased from a breeder in the U.K. Zola died a couple years ago, having contracted west nile disease from a mosquito bite, so Don bought Apollo.
A housing facility for birds of prey is called a “mew,” and Johnson constructed a beautiful facility with a covered portion that has raised perches and an attached flight pen where Megan and Jasper live when he doesn’t have them out flying and hunting. Apollo has a pen of his own, and is kept separate from the 2 hawks. Harris Hawks are not native to Kansas, and the nearest they are found to us in the wild is Arizona. Harris Hawks are known as “wolves of the sky” and in the wild often hunt in groups. Johnson says Megan and Jasper will hunt with his dogs; as the dogs walk through a field, the birds will set high in nearby trees awaiting the dogs to flush prey, and they will keep abreast of the dog’s progress by relocating from tree to tree as the dogs move ahead.
Don’s story-telling ability and his wonderful British accent make him very entertaining to listen to, and his enthusiasm for falconry and his knowledge of the sport are immediately apparent when he shows-off his birds. His love of our country is infectious, and I think it would do us all well to listen to a few of his reasons why. Birds of prey are some of the most amazing and beautiful results of God’s Creation, and again give us more good reasons to explore the outdoors here in a land called Kansas!

Steve can be contacted by email at [email protected].