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KU News: Researchers land grant to help K-2 teachers test strategies to reduce challenging classroom behavior

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From the Office of Public Affairs | http://www.news.ku.edu

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Contact: Mike Krings, 785-864-8860, [email protected]
Researchers land grant to help K-2 teachers test strategies to reduce challenging classroom behavior
LAWRENCE — A recent study from the University of Kansas has found that teachers widely believe increasing students’ engagement in instruction can help decrease challenging behaviors. Based on that finding, researchers are now testing strategies to boost engagement and help teachers select interventions that might work best for their classrooms.

Kathleen Zimmerman, assistant professor of special education at KU, received a grant from the Institute of Education Sciences to help enhance engagement in K-2 classrooms for students with challenging behaviors by testing commonly used behavioral interventions. Her team has completed the first year of the four-year, $699,085 grant. The first phase included a survey asking educators how they felt about engagement in instruction, challenging behaviors, how to address such behaviors, which strategies were effective and where teachers find these strategies.

“We know we have strategies for addressing challenging behaviors, but I wanted to start centering teacher voices in the process of how they are chosen and evaluated,” Zimmerman said. “Are they going to the web, their peers or research to find them? Do they believe improving engagement can improve student outcomes for children exhibiting challenging behaviors, rather than focusing on just the challenging behavior?”

Survey results from about 450 educators from 45 states showed that 61% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that challenging behavior makes it difficult to teach in their classrooms, and 85% agreed or strongly agreed that they preferred to use proactive strategies to prevent such behaviors. Survey results also found that 82% agreed or strongly agreed if students are engaged in class, challenging behaviors are less likely to happen, and 91% responded that educators should know some interventions to increase engagement.

The strong responses regarding engagement confirmed the notion that teachers believe engaged students are less likely to display challenging behaviors and that interventions can help keep students engaged.

“Our goal with this was to directly ask general and special education elementary teachers about these interventions. Our national sample found educators felt challenging behaviors impact their teaching, and that if they could engage children, they could eliminate those behaviors,” Zimmerman said.

The survey then asked respondents about 10 strategies to address challenging behaviors, roughly half of which are evidence-based. The other half might be commonly used in classrooms and effective, but they have not been formally assessed. The researchers asked about feasibility of the intervention, if teachers had tried it and where they found intervention ideas. Strategies included visual supports, sensory strategies like sitting on an exercise ball instead of a chair, providing opportunities to respond, incentive charts, telling students expectations before an activity and behavior-specific praise.

The effectiveness and feasibility ratings for each strategy will help the research team determine which strategies to pilot in future studies. The researchers will then develop decision-making guides for educators.

The survey also found that 90% of respondents found interventions to improve student engagement on the internet, including through popular social media platforms such as Pinterest and TikTok, as well as education blogs. Additionally, 58% said they sought information from people in their school such as administrators or co-workers, and only 19% said they consulted the federally funded Institute of Education Sciences What Works Clearinghouse, a repository for evidence-based interventions.

“What that tells us going forward is we need to change where we disseminate information on innovative tools and strategies,” Zimmerman said. “We need to put information where people will find it — on these web-based resources educators are already using.”

That sentiment was bolstered by the finding that 87% of educators said they were supported by people within their schools when finding strategies to boost engagement. Additionally, 52% said they were supported by families and communities and 34% by experts outside of their school building, including district coaches or other experts or researchers in the field.

Zimmerman and fellow researchers presented their findings at the Annual Teacher Educators for Children with Behavior Disorders conference in November 2022 and will present strategies for coaching educators based on their findings at the Association for Positive Behavior Support conference in March. A peer-reviewed publication on the findings is forthcoming.

To test strategies, Zimmerman’s team is recruiting schools in the Kansas City and Lawrence areas to partner on observing how teachers are using behavioral interventions, both evidence-based and not.

“We wanted to go into this with an open mind. That’s why we are testing what educators are using, not what we think might be the best,” Zimmerman said. “Educators are the experts about what is happening in their classrooms. We’re excited to learn with them during this project.”

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Erinn Barcomb-Peterson, director of news and media relations, [email protected]

Today’s News is a free service from the Office of Public Affairs

 

Humanities and the Physician

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After 40 years as a doctor interacting with patients, in the last two and a half years the tables turned, and I’ve become the patient. Although most are good, I’ve found some doctors are detached, some are too quick, some would rather be somewhere else, some are even angry; but, when a physician who cares walks into the room, and I’m not exaggerating, the day becomes better, the pain becomes less, and hope fills my heart. Scientific knowledge is important, but the ability to convey honest concern, human thoughtfulness and compassion is equal in importance in this healing profession. So, how do we select pre-med students for that, or teach compassion in medical school?

There are studies that show those interested in humanities or taught disciplines that explore how people tick, do better in the compassion department. These disciplines include history, literature, religion, ethics, anthropology, psychology, cultural studies and the arts of theater, film, painting and poetry. Some explain that the humanities give us the very reason to learn science and mathematics.

Several studies support the value of humanities in medicine. Seven hundred medical students were surveyed about their lifetime exposure to the humanities and the results indicated that those who had more humanities knowledge had more empathy, tolerance to ambiguity, resourcefulness, emotional intelligence and less burnout. Another study found that a med student’s ability to recognize diagnostic clues increased by more than 35 percent after taking a visual arts class. Another study found practicing improv theater helped med students learn to prepare for unexpected questions and conversations. A fourth study showed how writing exercises helped med students have foresight into what a patient may be experiencing. Clearly, an exposure to the humanities makes a better doctor.

I believe that care providers who have had a well-rounded humanities education have a better chance of understanding about how it feels to face pain, nausea, loss of bodily functions or even a cancer diagnosis. Those steeped in good literature or art have a better opportunity to tap creative juices to problem solve and tolerate a life that can be ambiguous and unpredictable. Those who are knowledgeable of history, ethics, cultural ways will find it easier to know when it is time to stop aggressive care and move toward comfort.

This is a call for all students to become readers, to find time to enjoy the humanities, to exercise your caring and compassion muscles; so, when you come into the room of a person suffering, it makes their pain less and day better.

Richard P. Holm, MD, passed away in March of 2020 after a battle with pancreatic cancer. He was founder of The Prairie Doc® and author of “Life’s Final Season, A Guide for Aging and Dying with Grace” available on Amazon. Dr. Holm’s legacy lives on through his Prairie Doc® organization. For free and easy access to the entire Prairie Doc® library, visit www.prairiedoc.org and follow Prairie Doc® on Facebook, featuring On Call with the Prairie Doc® a medical Q&A show streaming on Facebook most Thursdays at 7 p.m. Central.

Patterned Speed Events Feature Of Newly Formed Great Plains Horseshow Association

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A new association has been organized for horseback riders who enjoy competing in patterned speed events.
“The Great Plains Horseshow Association (GPHA) was formed to be a family friendly group,” according to Tammy Clouston of Meriden.
As brainchild of the association, Clouston said, “We’ll have equine competition in an atmosphere of good sportsmanship and good horsemanship. It will promote quality time spent with family and friends.”
Founding members are from several existing associations with a mix of events and rule variations from the different groups.
“The GPHA was developed as a unique organization incorporating ideas of longtime patterned speed event competitors,” Clouston said. “These riders have experienced many competitions and wanted an association with old, different, changed, new, and intentionally improved show philosophies.”
There will be a horse and rider nomination process with points compiled throughout the show season for yearend cash awards.
“A rider can ride more than one horse in each event by paying a separate horse entry fee,” Clouston explained.
Especially important to families with limited horses, youth riders one-to-six and seven-to-11 can use the same horse. “Each rider will be eligible to place and earn points,” Clouston said.
Any person or club in good standing can host a sanctioned GPHA show from January 1 through October 15.
“Shows are not limited to the Kansas borders, so they can be anywhere in the Great Plains,” the official said.
“There will be no membership or showbill fees,” Clouston continued. “Clubs or individuals can host as many shows throughout the year as desired.”
No advance show scheduling is required, although it will be best to plan shows at least a week in advance. That will provide adequate time for promotion so contestants can plan participation accordingly, it was explained.
Age groups are one-to-six, seven-to-11, 12-17, 18-34, 35-54, and 55 and over.
Single events include arena race, barrel racing, figure-eight-barrel race, figure-eight stake race, flag race, half-eight race, jump and weave, keg bending, key race, lane barrels, polo turn, speed barrels, tomahawk race, top-n-turn, two-barrel flag race, and three-pole weave.
“Shows might even include a ‘mystery race’ that can be whatever the show host wants it to be,” Clouston said.
Team events are two-in-line barrels, pair sack race, rescue race, and Western relay.
“Several GPHA shows are already on the 2023 calendar, so clubs and individuals should get their show scheduled now,” Clouston said.
“Come compete at the skill level you feel most comfortable. We welcome all riders,” she insisted.
A GPHA Rulebook and other association information including steps to host shows can be found at www.greatplainshorseshow.com and on Facebook.
“Our entry fees are low, but the experiences are priceless,” welcomed Clouston who can be contacted at 785-393-1922 or [email protected].
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‘Names’ Become Insight To Characters In Historical Fiction Book Of Adventurous, Turbulent Love Mystery

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Frank J Buchman
Frank Buchman

“Even more important than the name, is the person who has the name.”
“The Name I Choose” is a book written by Holly Brough who unravels a young woman’s changing names through challenges.
According to Proverbs 22:1, “A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches.”
Is it a romance, a mystery, adventure, heart-breaking love, crime, hardship, retaliation, reprieve, dreams coming to reality?
“Spellbinding” perhaps best describes this long but intriguing text covering all the above words making a lay reader become absorbed.
Not particularly enjoying reading until maturity, Brough dedicated this first successful attempt to her “mother who loved books.”
Identifying the work as historical fiction, the author clarifies some characters and events are real, others created to enhance drama. Detailed colorful, most descriptive verbiage enhances reader interest in the developing individual stories within.
The prologue creates inquisitive yearnings though lacking much meaning until reading the book entirety.
While written in understandable English, the book has a Spanish setting with common words and names of the language incorporated.
Amalia is the main character uprooted from her near loveless parents as a teenager into an abusive menial estate workplace. Treated with cruelty, Amalia finds liberating romance with a future king only to be betrayed alone and with child.
For security of her unborn, the teenager flees to refuge from the haunting past as her “condition” becomes publicly apparent. Struggling only drives Amalia downward until an unlikely ally provides assistance.
Suspense becomes most enthralling as turmoil develops more intensely with birth of a son. Then additional disreputable employment Amalia becomes more cautious of everyone most decisively a suitor only offering help with heartfelt love.
The concluding index brings meaning to leading characters’ names Amalia follows in a cherished book received from a reprieving confidant.
Amalia means “work, labor,” and she becomes Lea Tavio, “tired, left behind,” and finally Alanna “at peace.” Her friend Sonia has “watchful wisdom.” Meandering suitor Francisco is “adventurous,” then Joshua “saves” Amalia.
Revealing the climax, with no cliffhanger, nor another heartbreak, all ends well to live happily ever after.
Hope for author of the book is it guides hearts opening to victims experiencing hardships as she has personally. “To trust again and most importantly forgive themselves,” Bough desires.
“Christ is our healer and knows what we suffer,” Bough emphasizes. “But it is often through another person that He lifts our burdens.”
Holly Bough, South Jordan, Utah, values books as helpful, providing adventure, hope, solutions, and insight through the eyes of another. More about the author can be found at www.hollybrough-tnic.com.
The book can be acquired on the internet with information available from Taylor Moralez representing Lavidge in Phoenix, Arizona, [email protected].

Frank J. Buchman
Alta Vista, Kansas

CUTLINES
“The Name I Choose” is a book written by Holly Brough who unravels a young woman’s changing names through challenges.

Author Holly Brough, South Jordan, Utah, values books as helpful, providing adventure, hope, solutions, and insight through the eyes of another.

Bull Selection Now Impacts Cowherd Profitability In The Future

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“Bull buying time is here for most cow-calf operators.”
There are literally dozens of opportunities to purchase beef bulls throughout the Midwest.
With so many options in breed, color, pedigree, age, performance, price, and more, it’s a puzzle determining which bull to buy.
Making sense of the thousands of numbers to wade through in a sales catalog is completely mind boggling.
One bull may be very good for calving ease EPD (expected progeny difference) but fail badly on yearling weights. Another may be at the top on carcass grid value but below average in EPD for cow stay ability.
Are all those numbers important? Which one makes the most money?
Jared Decker, beef genetics specialist at the University of Missouri, has offered some assistance.
“Rather than piece together your own system to balance a dozen traits, boil it down to one number and put it in real dollar-per-calf terms,” Decker advised.
It’s called an economic selection index. “It’s an EPD for a single trait: profit,” Decker said. “It’s a combination of each trait weighted by economic importance. It gives multi-trait selection in a simple formula that is profit motivated.”
Selection indexes come in several types, he explained. Some are terminal indexes, in which no replacement females will be kept. So, there’s no need to include such traits as milk or cow stay ability.
For most cattle producers, Decker favors a more all-purpose index that includes important traits from conception to slaughter.
Many breed associations offer their own versions of economic selection indexes and explain them on their websites. If a bull is registered, cowmen can often search for the index by registration number.
The American Angus Association, for instance, offers a system called Angus $Value Index. Angus bulls are indexed by such criteria as weaned calf value ($W), feedlot value ($F), or maternal weaned calf value ($M).
The maternal weaned calf value is a multipurpose index, combining milk, heifer pregnancy rates, docility, and foot scores. “When used over time to make bull selections, it could build a more efficient cowherd,” Decker said.
The Hereford breed offers several indexes, including the Certified Hereford Beef Index (CHB$) and an all-purpose index called Baldy Maternal Index (BMI$).
“Cowmen need to know their own breeding objectives,” Decker said “Is it maternal traits or carcass traits? Find an index that works for those traits and use it. They are the best answer today for making genetic progress in beef herds.”
On its website, American Angus says selection indexes only have meaning when used in comparing the relative merit or ranking of two individuals.
If bull A has a weaned calf value index of +$50, bull B has a value of +$35, and all breeding and environmental conditions are equal, on average, a cowman can expect bull A’s progeny to have a +$15 per head advantage in preweaning value over bull B.
There are economic selection indexes for feed efficiency, performance, stay ability, sustained fertility, and likely most importantly profit ability.
“In the old days, you made decisions based on opinions and sometimes you chased fads,” Decker said.
“Now, you can use data to keep from going the fad route. Indexes will give appropriate weight to what producers want to do in their herds keeping them on the right path,” Decker summarized.
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CUTLINE
University of Missouri Extension beef specialist Jared Decker offers advice for beef bull buyers.